HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrdinances (O-71-50)-12/31/1971
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VOLUME ~ PAGE 3'1
ORDINANCE NUMBER 0- 7 I-SO
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PLUMBING CODE
FOR
CITY OF ~(JLLe'1 U; /"'L~
, TEXAS
1971
$ 2 .):;>
per copy
Price:
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FOREWORD
The following codes and reference materials were reviewed and consulted in
the preparation of this code:
National Plumbing Code Handbook - Vincent T. Manas. McGraw-Hill Book
Co., Inc., New York, New York
National Plumbing Code - Illustrated - Vincent T. Manas, Manas Publi-
cations, 4513 Potomac Avenue, N. W., Washington, 7 D.C.
National Plumbing Code, ASA A40.8-l955 - Sponsored by the American
Public Health Association, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 29 West
39th Street, New York 18, New York
Western Plumbing Officials Uniform Plumbing Code
Western Plumbing Officials Association, P. O. Box 247, South
Pasadena, California
Southern Standard Building Code
Southern Standard Building Code Congress, Brown-Marx Building
Birmingham, Alabama
Listing Requirements for Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shut-off
Devices for Hot Water Supply Systems
American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Ave., New York 17, New York
Installation of Gas Appliances and Gas Piping
American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, New York
Professional Plumbing Illustrated and Plumbing Mathematics Simplified -
Arthur J. Smith
Pro Mark Publications, Santa Clara, California
Metalbestos Gas Vent Tables and Handbook
William Wallace Company, Belmont, California
Modern Gas Appliance Venting - Amerivent Division of American Metals
Products Co., Inc. Los Angeles 22, California
Plumbing Code Primer - National Association of Plumbing Contractors,
1016 Twentieth Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C.
Cross Connection Control Handbook - Febco, Inc., 1993 Blake Avenue,
Los Angeles 30, California
Caption
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 14
CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 16
CHAPTER 17
CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 19
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 21
CHAPTER 22
CHAPTER 23
CHAPTER 24
CHAPTER 25
CHAPTER 26
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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VOLUME .J/~ PAGE 51
Ti tIe C i t e d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intent and Purpose......................................
Piping Affected by This Ordinance.. ..... ..... ..........
Definitions............................................ .
Licensing Requirements..................................
Exempted Activity.......................................
Admi n i s t rat ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plumbing Appeals and Advisory Board.....................
Permits, Fees and Inspections...........................
Bonding Provis ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Regulations.....................................
Materials - Quality and Weight..........................
Joints and Connections..................................
Traps and Cleanouts.....................................
Interceptors and Backwater Valves.......................
PI urn bin g F i xt u res. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hangers and Supports....................................
Indirect Waste Piping and Special Wastes................
Water Supply and Distribution...........................
Dra inage System.........................................
Ven t sand Ven t ing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Plumbing....................................
Trailer Park Plumbing and Drainage Systems..............
Individual Sewage Disposal System.......................
Individual Water Supolies...............................
Penalty and Closing Provisions..........................
Miscellaneous Sketches..................................
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AN ORDINANCE
AN ORDINANCE REPEALING ALL ORDINANCES, OR PARTS OF ORDINANCES,
OR AMENDMENTS THERErO, THAT CONFLICT WITH THE TERMS OR CONDI-
TIONS OF THIS ORDINANCE AND ENACTING IN LIEU THEREOF A NEW
ORDINANCE, REGULATING PLUMBING WORK IN THE CITY OF G.L.l~u.Lll.
TEXAS; DEFINING CERTAIN TERMS; PROVIDING FOR CERTAIN EXEM TIONS:
PROVIDING FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ORDINANCE AND THE ISSUANCE
OF PERMITS AND ESTABLISHING CERTAIN FEES; PROVIDING FOR SPECIFI-
CATIONS, MATERIALS AND METHODS OF PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS; PROVID-
ING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF THIS ORDINANCE; PROVIDING A SEVER-
ABILITY CLAUSE.
Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of C.eLUI..f :.,LlIL
CHAPTER 1
TITLE CITED
1.1 This ordinance shall be known as the Plumbing Ordinance of the City of
C!.DLL~u,'LLt.., and may be cited as such.
It shall be unlawful for any person, association of persons, co-partnership or
corporation to engage in the business of plumbing, or do or perform any plumb-
ing as defined in this ordinance, without first having procured the necessary
licenses and permits as hereinafter provided for, and all plumbing, plumbing
work and workmanship and materials shall meet the requirements of this ordi-
nance and shall pass all inspections required in this ordinance in regard to
the work done.
CHAPTER 2
INTENT AND PURPOSE
2.1 PURPOSE: For the protection and preservation of life and of the public
health, safety, property and the general welfare of the people, the following
provisions are enacted relating to the installation, alteration or repair of
pipes, fittings, and fixtures for water, sewage and natural gas in all build-
ings and structures and on all property now erected or to be erected changed,
constructed, reconstructed,. repaired or altered in the City of ~/l"(II.' LP, and
outside the City of CLill P'1wllp, if same be connected to either the C ty water
or sewerage systems. The intent and purpose of this ordinance is to regulate
the construction, erection, enlargement, alteration, or repair of all piping,
fittings, fixtures, etc., used for the conduction of water, sewage and natural
gas in or on and about any and all premises in the City of(l~oLl ':k.JiUL, and
outside the boundaries of the City of ~DLI~~u;Ll~, if same be c nected to
either the City water or sewerage systems.
CHAPTER 3
PIPING AFFECTED BY THIS ORDINANCE
3.1 EXTENT OF APPLICATION: This ordinance shall apply to all plumbing as herein
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defined within the boundaries of the City of c..f)lli11J'tll..~_. Any plumbing out-
side the boundaries of the City ofr.~~,\,Ll~, onnecting to either the
City water or sewerage systems shal~e requirements of this ordi-
nance as to methods of installation and materials and shall be inspected by
the City Plumbing Inspector.
3.2 EXCLUSION: This paragraph shall not apply to that work done by authorized
employees of the City of ~~lJ~'IIJ~ in the laying of City water mains and
services and City sewer m~~rvices nor to the installation of gas dis-
tributing mains and services in the streets and alleys by authorized employees
of any gas distributing company.
CHAPTER 4
DEFINITIONS
ACCEPTED STANDARDS: Accepted standards are the standards cited in this Ordi-
nance, but may include additional standards approved by the Plumbing Appeal
and Advisory Board with the concurrence of the Chief Plumbing Inspector.
AIR GAP: An air gap in a water-supply system is the unobstructed vertical dis-
tance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or
faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the
flood-level rim of the receptacle.
AIR MIXER: That portion of an injection (Bunsen) type burner into which the
primary air is introduced.
AIR SHUTTER: An adjustable device for varying the size of the primary air
inlet or inlets.
ANCHORS: See Supports.
APPLIANCE - GAS: A gas appliance is any device which utilizes gas fuel to
produce light, heat or power.
APPLIANCE FLUE: The flue passages within the appliance.
APPROVED: Approved means accepted or acceptable under an applicable specifi-
cation stated or cited in this Code.
AUTOMATIC GAS SHUT-OFF VALVE: A device so constructed that the attainment of
a temperature or pressure in the medium being heated in excess of some predeter-
mined limit acts upon a chemical, metallic or diaphragm element in such a way
as to cause the gas to the appliance to be shut off and remain off.
AUTOMATIC IGNITION:
provide for ignition
ling the gas to that
flames on the burner
burner valve.
Automatic ignition shall be interpreted as means which
of the gas at the burner when the gas burner valve control-
burner is turned on, and will effect re-ignition if the
have been extinguished by means other than closing the gas
AUTOMATIC PILOT: Consists of an automatic pilot device and pilot burner secure-
ly assembled in fixed functional relationship.
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AUTOMATIC PILOT DEVICE: A device employed with gas burning equipment which
will automatically shut off the gas supply to the burner being served by either
direct or indirect means when the pilot flame is extinguished. The pilot burn-
er mayor may not be constructed integrally with the device.
AUTOMATIC PILOT. COMPLETE SHUT-OFF TYPE: An automatic pilot for shutting off,
automatically, the gas supply to the main burner and pilot in event of pilot
or gas failure, and also for preventing the gas from being turned into the main
burner unless the pilot is lighted.
BACKFLOW: Backflow is the reverse flow (by gravity) of water in a water dis-
tribution system.
BACK SIPHONAGE: Back siphonage is the reverse flow (induced by siphonage) of
used, contaminated or polluted water into a potable water system See Backflow.
BACKFLOW PREVENTER: A back flow preventer is a device or means to prevent back-
flow into the potable water system.
BATTERY OF FIXTURES: A battery of fixtures is any group of two or more similar
adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.
BAFFLE: An object placed in an appliance to change the direction of or retard
the flow of air, air-gas mixtures, or flue gasses.
BEDPAN WASHER: A fixture used to wash bedpans, it may also provide steam or
hot water for sterilization. Contents are flushed into soil waste.
BOILER: A self-contained gas burning appliance for supplying hot water or low
pressure steam, primarily intended for domestic and commercial space heating
application.
BOILER BLOW-OFF: A boiler blow-off is an outlet on a boiler to permit empty-
ing or discharge of sediment.
BRANCH: A branch is any part of the piping system other than a main, riser, or
stack.
BRANCH. FIXTURE: See Fixture Branch.
BRANCH. HORIZONTAL: See Horizontal Branch.
BRANCH INTERVAL: A branch interval is a length of soil or waste stack corres-
ponding in general to a story height, but in no case less than 8 feet within
which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are connect-
ed to the stack.
BRANCH LINE - GAS: Gas piping which conveys gas from a supply line to the ap-
pliance.
BRANCH VENT: A branch vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents
with a vent stack or stack vent.
BUILDING: A building is a structure built, erected, and framed of component
structural parts designed for the housing, shelter, enclosure, or support of
persons, animals or property of any kind.
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BUILDING DRAIN: A building (house) drain is that part of the lowest piping of
a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other drain-
age pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building (house)
sewer beginning 3 feet outside the building wall.
BUILDING SEWER: The building (house) sewer is that part of the horizontal pip-
ing of a drainage system which extends from the end of the building drain and
which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public
sewer, private sewer, individual sewage-disposal system or other point of dis-
posal.
BUILDING TRAP: A building (house) trap is a device, fitting, or assembly of
fittings installed in the building drain to prevent circulation of air between
the drainage system of the building and the building sewer.
BTU: Abbreviation for British Thermal Unit which is the quantity of heat re-
quired to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
BURNER: A device for the final conveyance of the gas, or a mixture of gas and
air, to the combustion zone.
CENTRAL HEATING GAS APPLIANCE: A vented gas-fired appliance compr~s~ng the
following classes as defined herein: Boiler, Central Furnace, Floor Furnace,
or Vented Recessed Heater.
CHIMNEYS:
A. Factorv-Built Chimneys - Chimneys that are factory made, listed by a
nationally recognized testing agency, for venting gas appliances, gas
incinerators, and solid or liquid fuel burning appliances.
B. Masonry Chimneys - Field constructed chimneys built in accordance with
nationally recognized codes or standards.
C. Metal Chimneys - Chimneys made of metal of adequate thickness, gal-
vanized or painted unless suitably corrosion resistant, properly
welded or riveted and built in accordance with nationally recognized
codes or standards.
CIRCUIT VENT: A circuit vent is a branch vent that serves two or more traps
and extends from in front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch
to the vent stack.
CITY: Where the word "City" is used in this Code, it shall mean the City of
, Texas, and shall include the area within the corporate limits of
the City and with respect to plumbing, shall include outside the corporate limits
that which is connected to the City water or sewer system.
CLOSED WATER PIPING SYSTEM: A system of water piping where a check valve or
other device prevents the free return of water or steam to the water main.
CLOTHES DRYER: A device used to dry wet laundry by means of heat derived from
the combustion of fuel gas.
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VOLUV1ii ~PAGE J6
.QQQ!: The word "Code" when used alone shall mean these regulations, subsequent
amendments thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation which the Administrative
Authority having jurisdiction may lawfully adopt.
COMBINATION FIXTURE: A combination fixture is a fixture combining one sink and
tray or a two-or three-compartment sink or tray in one unit.
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM: A combination waste and vent system is a
specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet
venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of a common waste and
vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line
of the drain.
CQMBINED BUILDING SEWER: A combined building sewer receives storm water and
sewage.
CQMBUSTION: Combustion, as used herein, is the rapid oxidation of fuel gases
accompanied by the production of heat, or heat and light.
COMBUSTION CI~~mER: The portion of an appliance within which combustion occurs.
gll.-t::mv.STIBLE CONSTRUCTION: By combustible construction is meant a combustible
wall or combustible surface constructed of wood, composition, or of wooden
studding and lath and plaster.
COHBUSTION PRODUCTS: Constituents resulting from the combustion of a fuel with
the oxygen of the air, including the inerts but excluding excess air.
CO~10N VENT: A comnlon vent is a vent connecting at the junction of 2 fixture
drains and serving as a vent for both fixtures.
CONCR~LED GAS PIPING: Gas piping which, when in place in the finished building,
will be hidden from view by the structure.
CONDENSAT.E - (Condensation): The liquid which separates from a gas (including
flue gas) due to a reduction in temperature.
CClliSUMER'S GAS PIPING: All gas piping and fittings extending from the point
of delivery to the outlets, exclusive of piping, meters, regulators, valves,
fittings, etc. owned by the gas company.
CONTINUOUS VENT: A continuous vent is a vertical vent that is a continuation
of the drain to which it connects.
CONTINUOUS WASTE: A continuous waste is a drain from two or three fixtures
connected to a single trap.
CRITICAL LEVEL: If a vacuum breaker or backflow preventer does not have the
critical level point stamped on it by the manufacturer the bottom of the de-
vice shall be the critical level.
CROSS CONNECTION: A cross connection is a physical connection or other arrange-
rnent thru which a potable water system may be contaminated by BACK SIPHONAGE or
BACKFLOW.
Direct Cross Connection: A direct cross connection is a physical connection
between a potable water system and water of unknown quality.
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Indirect Cross Connection: An indirect cross connection is any arrange-
ment, other than a direct cross connection, whereby an outlet of a potable
water system may come in contact with water of unknown quality.
DEAD END: A dead end is a branch leading from a soil, waste, or vent pipe,
building drain, or building sewer, which is terminated at a developed distance
of 2 feet of more by means of a plug or other closed fitting.
DEMAND - GAS: The maximum amount of gas required per unit of time, usually
expressed in cu. ft. per hr., or BTU per hr., required for the operation of the
appliance or appliances supplied.
DEVELOPED LENGTH: The developed length of a pipe is its length along the center
line of the pipe and fittings.
DIAMETER: Unless specifically stated, the term "Diameter" is the nominal dia"
meter as designated commercially.
DIVERSITY FACTOR: Ratio of the maximum probable demand to the maximum possible
demand.
DOUBLE OFFSET: A double offset is two changes of direction installed in succes-
sion or series in continuous pipe.
DRAFT HOOD: A device built into an appliance, or made a part of the vent con-
nector from an appliance, which is designed to (1) insure the ready escape
of the products of combustion in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppage
beyond the draft hood; (2) prevent a back draft from entering the appliance;
and (3) neutralize the effect of stack action of the vent upon the operation
of the appliance.
DRAIN: A drain is any pipe which carries waste water or waterborne wastes in
a building drainage system.
DRAINAGE PIPING: See Drainage System.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM: A drainage system (drainage piping) includes all the p~p~ng
within public or private premises, which Conveys sewage, rain water, or other
liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal, but does not include the mains of
a public sewer system or private or public sewage-treatment or disposal plant.
DUAL VENT: See Common Vent.
DUCT FURNACE: A furnace normally installed in distribution ducts or air condi-
tioning systems to supply warm air for heating. This definition shall apply
only to an appliance which depends for air circulation on a blower not furnished
as part of the furnace.
DURHAM SYSTEM: Durham System is a term used to describe soil or waste systems
where all piping is of threaded pipe, tubing, or other such rigid construction,
using recessed drainage fittings to correspond to the types of piping.
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EFFECTIVE OPENING: The effective opening is the minimum cross-sectional area
at the point of water-supply discharge, measured or expressed in terms of
(1) diameter of a circle, (2) if the opening is not circular, the diameter of
a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area. (This is applicable to air gap.)
EXISTING WORK: Existing work is a plumbing system or any part thereof which has
been installed prior to the effective date of this Code.
EXPOSED PIPING: Piping which will be in view in the finished structure.
FIRING VALVE: A valve of the plug and barrel type designed for use with gas,
and equipped with a lever handle for manual operation and a dial to indicate
the percent of opening.
FIXTURE BRANCH: A fixture branch is a pipe connecting several fixtures.
FIXTURE DRAIN: A fixture drain is the drain from the trap of a fixture to the
junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.
FIXTURE SUPPLY: A fixture supply is a water-supply pipe connecting the fixture
with the fixture branch.
FIXTURE UNIT: A fixture unit is a measurement used to express the load produc-
ing effects of different kinds of plumbing fixtures.
FIXTURE-UNIT FLOW RATE: Fixture-unit flow rate is the total discharge flow in
GPM of a single fixture divided by 7.5 which provides the flow rate of that
particular plumbing fixture as a unit of flow.
FLAME SAFEGUARD: A device which will automatically shut off the gas supply to
a main burner or group of burners when the means of ignition of such burners
becomes inoperative, and when flame failure occurs on the burner or group of
burners.
FLOOR FURNACE: A completely self-contained unit furnace suspended from the
floor of the space being heated, taking air for combusion from outside this
space, and with means for observing flames and lighting the appliance from such
space.
FLOODED: A fixture is flooded when the liquid therein rises to the flood level
rim.
FLOOD LEVEL: See Flooded.
FLOOD-LEVEL RIM: The flood-level rim is the top edge of the receptacle from
which water overflows.
FLUE COLLAR: That portion of an appliance designed for the attachment of the
draft hood or vent connector.
FLUE GASES: Products of combustion plus excess air in appliance flues or heat
exchangers (before the draft hood or draft regulator).
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FLUSHOMETER VALVE: A flushometer valve is a device which discharges a pre-
determined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated
by direct water pressure.
FLUSH VALVES: A flush valve is a device located at the bottom of the tank for
the purpose of flushing water closets and similar fixtures.
FROSTPROOF CLOSET: A frostproof closet is a hopper that has no water in the
bowl and has the trap and the control valve for its water supply installed below
the frost line.
FURNACE - CENTRAL FURNACE: A self-contained, gas burning appliance for heating
air by transfer of heat of combustion through metal to the air, and designed to
supply heated air through ducts to spaces remote from or adjacent to the ap-
pliance location.
GAS COMPANY: The organization operating the gas distribution system.
GAS HOSE: A gas conduit which depends for tightness on joint packing, or on
any wall structure other than that formed by a continuous one-piece metal tub-
ing member.
GAS VENTS:
A. Type B Gas Vents. Factory made gas vents listed by a nationally re-
cognized testing agency for venting listed or approved appliances
equipped to burn only gas.
B. Type B-W Gas Vents. Factory made gas vents listed by a nationally
recognized testing agency for venting listed or approved gas-fired
vented recessed heaters.
C. Type C Gas Vents. Vents constructed of sheet copper not less than
No. 24 U.S. Standard Gage or galvanized iron of not less than No.
20 U.S. Standard Gage, or other approved noncombustible corrosion-
resistant material.
GRADE: Grade is the slope or fall of a line of pipe in reference to a horizon-
tal plane. In drainage it is usually expressed as the fall in a fraction of an
inch per foot length of pipe.
GRAVITY: See Specific Gravity.
GREASE INTERCEPTOR: See Interceptor.
GREASE TRAP: See Interceptor.
HANGERS: See Supports.
HORIZONTAL BRANCH: A horizontal branch is a drain extending laterally from a
soil or waste stack or building drain, with or without vertical sections or
branches, which receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and con-
ducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building (house) drain.
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HORIZONTAL PIPE: Horizontal pipe means any pipe or fitting which makes an angle
of less than 45 degrees with the horizontal.
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT RANGE: A gas appliance of the floor type providing for
top cooking, roasting, baking or broiling, or any combination of top cooking
with any of these other functions and not designed specifically for domestic
use.
HOUSE DRAIN: See Building Drain.
HOUSE PIPING - GAS PLUMBING:
A. The gas piping from the point where it enters the building or foundation
to and including the outlets. (Applicable where the gas meter is located
some distance from the building.)
B. The gas piping from the gas meter to and including the outlets. (Ap-
plicable where the gas meter is located in or immediately adjacent to
the building.)
HOUSE SEWER: See Building Sewer.
HOUSE lRAP: See Building Trap.
INCINERATOR: An appliance which is used to reduce refuse material to ashes.
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE: An indirect waste pipe is a pipe that does not connect
directly .lith the drainage system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into
a plumbing fixture or receptacle which is directly connected to the drainage
system.
IiIDIVIDUAL VENT: An individual vent is a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap
and which connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates
in the open air.
INDUSTRIAL WASTES: Industrial wastes are liquid wastes resulting from the pro-
cesses employed in industrial establishments and are free of fecal matter.
INSANITARY: Contrary to sanitary principles - injurious to health.
INTERCEPTOR: An interceptor is a device designed and installed so as to separate
and retain deleterious, hazardous, or undesirable matter from normal wastes and
permit normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge into the disposal terminal by
gravity.
LIMIT CONTROL: A device responsive to changes in pressure or temperature or
liquid level for turning on, shutting off, or throttling the gas supply to an
appliance.
LIQUID WASTE: Liquid waste is the discharge from any fixture, appliance, or ap-
purtenance, in connection with a plumbing system which does not receive fecal
matter.
LISTED: The word "Listed" as used herein when not otherwise clarified means ac-
ceptable as outlined in Paragraph 12.1.1.
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LOAD FACTOR: Load factor is the percentage of the total connected fixture unit
flow rate which is likely to occur at any point in the drainage system. It var-
ies with the type or occupancy, the total flow unit aoove this point being con-
sidered, and with the probability factor of simultaneous use.
LOOP VENT: A loop vent is the same as a circuit vent except that it loops back
and connects with a stack vent instead of a vent stack.
LUBRICATED PLUG TYPE VALVE: A valve of the plug and barrel type provided with
means for maintaining a lubricant between the bearing surfaces.
MAIN: The main of any system of continuous piping is the principal artery of
the system, to which branches may be connected.
MAIN BURNER: A device or group of devices essentially forming an integral unit
for the final conveyance of gas or a mixture of gas and air to the combustion
zone, and on which combustion takes place to accomplish the function for which
the appliance is designed.
MAIN BURNER CONTROL VALVE: A valve which controls the gas supply to the main
burner manifold.
MAIN SEWER: See Public Sewer.
MAIN VENT: The main vent is the principal artery of the venting system, to
which vent branches may be connected.
MANIFOLD: The conduit of an appliance which supplies gas to the individual
burners.
MANUAL GAS VALVE: A valve (or cock) of the plug and barrel type designed for
use with gas, operated manually to control or shut off the supply of gas.
MAY: The word "May" is a permissive term.
METER: The instrument installed to measure the volume of gas delivered through
it.
OFFSET: An offset in a line of p~p~ng is a combination of elbows or bends which
brings one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the
other section.
OUTLET: A threaded connection or bolted flange in a pipe system to which a gas
burning appliance is or may be attached. Outlets must be located in the room
or space where the appliance is or may be installed.
PERSON: Person is a natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators or
assigns; and includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their succes-
sors or assigns. Singular includes plural; male includes female.
PILOT: A small flame which is utilized to ignite the gas at the main burner or
burners.
PITCH: See Grade.
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PLUMBER - APPRENTICE: A "Plumber's Apprentice" within the meaning of this
Code is any person other than a master plumber or journeyman plumber, who, as
his principal occupation, is engaged in learning and assisting a licensed
plumber in the installation of plumbing.
PLUMBER - JOURNEYMAN: A "Journeyman Plumber" within the meaning of this Code
is any person other than a master plumber who engages in or works at the actual
installation, alteration, repair and renovating of plumbing, and who is licens-
ed by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners as provided by the Plumbing
License Law of 1947.
PLUMBER - MASTER: A "Master Plumber" within the meaning of this Code is a
plumber having a regular place of business, who, by himself, or through a per-
son or persons in his employ, performs plumbing work, and who is licensed by
the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners as provided by the Plumbing License
Law of 1947.
PLUMBING: "Plumbing" as used in this Code means and shall include: (1) All
piping, fixtures, appurtenances and appliances for a supply of water or gas,
or both, for all personal or domestic purposes in and about buildings where a
person or persons live, work or assemble; all piping, fixtures, appurtenances
and appliances outside a building connecting the building with the source of
water or gas supply, or both, on the premises, or the main in the street, alley
or at the curb; all piping, fixtures, appurtenances, appliances, drain or waste
pipes carrying waste or sewage from or within a building to the sewer service
lateral at the curb or in the street or alley or other disposal terminal hold-
ing private or domestic sewage; (2) The installation, repair and maintenance
of all piping fixtures, appurtenances and appliances in and about buildings
where a person or persons live, work or assemble, for a supply of gas, water,
or both, or disposal of waste water or sewage.
PLUMBING FIXTURES: Plumbing fixtures are installed receptacles, devices, or
appliances which are supplied with water or which receive or discharge liquids
or liquid-borne wastes, with or without discharge into the drainage system
with which they may be directly or indirectly connected.
PLUMBING INSPECTOR: The "Plumbing Inspector" within the meaning of this Code
is any person employed by the city for the purpose of inspecting plumbing work
and installations in connection with health and safety laws as provided by this
Code, and who is licensed by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners in ac-
cordance with the Plumbing License Law of 1947.
POOL: A pool is a water receptacle used for swimming or as a plunge or other
bath, designed to accommodate more than one bather at a time.
POTABLE WATER: Potable water is water which is satisfactory for drinking, culi-
nary, and domestic purposes, and meets the requirements of the Health Authority
having jurisdiction.
PRIMARY AIR: The air introduced into a burner and which mixes with the gas
before it reaches the port or ports.
PUBLIC SEWER: A public sewer is a common sewer directly controlled by public
authority.
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REGULATOR - GAS PRESSURE: A device for controlling and maintaining a uniform
gas supply pressure.
RELIEF DEVICE: A safety device designed to forestall the development of a
dangerous condition in the medium being heated, by relieving either pressure
temperature, or vacuum build-up in the appliance.
A.
Pressure Relief Valve:
relief vent, depending
predetermined value.
An automatic device which opens or closes a
on whether the pressure is above or below a
B. Temperature Relief Valve:
1. Fusible Plug Type. A device which opens and keeps open a relief
vent by the melting or softening of a fusible plug or cartridge
at a predetermined temperature.
2. Reseating or Self-Closing Type: An automatic device which opens
and closes a relief vent, depending on whether the temperature is
above or below a predetermined value.
C.
Vacuum Relief Valve:
relief vent depending
predetermined value.
An automatic device which opens or closes a
on whether the vacuum is above or below a
RELIEF OPENING: The opening provided in a draft hood to permit the ready escape
to the atmosphere of the flue products from the draft hood in the event of no
draft, back draft, or stoppage beyond the draft hood, and to permit air into
the draft hood in the event of a strong chimney updraft.
RELIEF VENT: A relief vent is a vent the primary function of which is to provide
circulation of air between drainage and vent systems.
RETURN OFFSET: A return offset is a double offset installed so as to return the
pipe to its original alignment.
REVENT PIPE: A revent pipe (sometimes called an individual vent) is that part
of a vent pipe line which connects directly with an individual waste or group
of wastes, underneath or back of the fixture, and extends either to the main or
branch vent pipe.
RIM: A rim is an unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
RISER: A riser is a water-supply pipe which extends vertically one full story
or more to convey water to branches or fixtures.
ROOM OR SPACE HEATER: A self-contained gas-burning appliance installed in and
for heating rooms. This definition shall not include unit heaters, central
heating as appliances, garage heaters, nor vented recessed heaters.
ROUGHING-IN: Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of the plumbing system
which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes
drainage, water-supply, gas supply and vent piping, and the necessary fixture
supports.
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SAFETY SHUT OFF VALVE: An automatic gas control valve of the "on" and "off"
type which is actuated by the limit or protective controls or similar emergency
devices.
SAND INTERCEPTOR: See Interceptor.
SANITARY SEWER: A sanitary sewer is a pipe which carries sewage and excludes
storm, surface, and ground water.
SECOND HAND: Second hand, as applied to material or plumbing equipment, is
that which has been used.
SECONDARY AIR: The air externally supplied to the flame at the point of com-
bustion.
SEMI-RIGID TUBING: A gas conduit having semi-flexible metal wall structure.
SEPARATOR: See Interceptor.
SEPTIC TANK: A septic tank is a watertight receptacle which receives the dis-
charge of a drainage system or part thereof, which is designed and constructed
so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest organic matter through a period
of detention, and allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the
tank through a system of open-joint or perforated piping, or disposal pit.
SERVICE PIPE: The pipe which brings the gas from the gas main to the point of
delivery.
SEWAGE: Sewage is any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in
suspension or solution, and may include liquids containing chemicals in solu-
tion.
SHALL: The word "shall" is a mandatory term.
SHUT OFF VALVE: See definition of Manual Gas Valve.
SIDE VENT: A side vent is a vent connecting to the drain pipe through a fitting
at an angle not greater than 45 degrees to the vertical.
SLOPE: See Grade.
SOIL PIPE: A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closets
or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharge from other
fixtures, to the building drain or building sewer.
SOIL VENT: See Stack Vent.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: As applied to gas, specific gravity is the ratio of the
weight of a given volume to that of the same volume of air, both measured
under the same conditions.
STACK: A stack is the vertical main of a system of soil, waste, or vent piping.
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STACK GROUP: Stack group is a term applied to the location of fixtures in re-
lation to the stack so that by means of proper fittings, vents may be reduced
to a minimum.
STACK VENT: A stack vent (sometimes called a waste vent or soil vent) is the
extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connect-
ed to the stack.
STACK VENTING: Stack venting is a method of venting a fixture or fixtures
through the soil or waste stack.
STOP COCK: See definition of Manual Gas Valve.
SUMP: A sump is a tank or pit which receives sewage or liquid waste, located
below the normal grade of the gravity system and which must be emptied by
mechanical means.
SUPPORTS: Supports, hangers, and anchors are devices for supporting and secur-
ing pipe and fixtures to walls, ceilings, floors, or structural members.
THERMOSTAT: An automatic device actuated by temperature changes, designed to
control the gas supply to a burner, or burners, in order to maintain temperatures
between predetermined limits.
TRAP: A trap is a fitting or device so designed and constructed as to provide,
when properly vented, a liquid seal which will prevent the back passage of air
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste through it.
TRAP SEAL: The trap seal is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap
will retain, measured between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the
trap.
UNIT HEATER: A self-contained gas burning appliance of the fan type, designed
for the delivery of warm air directly into the space in which the appliance is
located.
UNIT VENT: See Common Vent.
VACUUM BREAKER: An automatic device which prevents back siphonage by admitting
air to relieve a partial vacuum in a water supply pipe.
VALVE: See definition of Manual Gas Valve.
VENT: (Formerly Flue or Vent) A passageway, vertical or nearly so, such as a
chimney or gas vent, for exhausting vent gases to the outer air.
VENT CONNECTOR: (Formerly Flue or Vent Connector) That portion of the vent
system which connects the gas appliance to the base vent or chimney.
VENT GASES: (Formerly Flue Gases) Products of combustion from gas appliances
plus excess air, plus dilution air in the vent connector, gas vent or chimney
above the draft hood or draft regulator.
VENT PIPE: See Vent System.
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VENT STACK: A vent stack is a vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the
purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the drainage
system.
VENT SYSTEM - GAS PLUMBING: The gas vent or chimney and vent connector, if
used, assembled to form a continuous open passageway from the gas appliance
to the outside atmosphere for the purpose of exhausting vent gases.
VENT SYSTEM - SANITARY PLUMBING: A vent system is a pipe or pipes installed to
provide a flow of air to or from a drainage system or to provide a circulation
of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure.
VENTED RECESSED HEATER: A self-contained vented appliance complete with grilles
or equivalent, designed for incorporation in or permanent attachment to a wall,
floor, ceiling or partition, and furnishing heated air circulated by gravity
or by a fan directly into the space to be heated through openings in the casing.
Such appliances shall not be provided with duct extensions beyond the vertical
and horizontal limits of the casing proper, except that boots not to exceed 10
inches beyond the horizontal limits of the casing for extension through walls
of nominal thickness may be permitted. Where such boots are provided they
shall be supplied by the manufacturer as an integral part of the appliance and
tested as such. This definition shall exclude floor furnaces, unit heaters and
central furnaces as herein defined.
VERTICAL PIPE: A vertical pipe is any pipe or fitting which is installed in a
vertical position or which makes an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the
vertical.
WALL HEATER. UN VENT ED OPEN-FLAME RADIANT TYPE: A room heater of the open front
type, designed for insertion in or attachment to a wall or partition having ful-
ly exposed flames the heat from which is reflected by ceramic radiants or a
metal, asbestos, clay back or equivalent backwall reflecting surface. It incor-
porates no concealed venting arrangements in its construction and discharges
all products of combustion through the open front into the room being heated.
WASTE: See Liquid Waste and Industrial Wastes.
WASTE PIPE: A waste pipe is a pipe which conveys only liquid waste, free of
fecal matter.
WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE: A water-distributing pipe in a building or premises
is a pipe which conveys water from the water-service pipe to the plumbing fix-
tures and other water outlets.
WATER MAIN: The water (street) main is a water-supply pipe for public or com-
munity use.
WATER OUTLET: A water outlet, as used in connection with the water-distributing
system, is the discharge opening for the water (1) to a fixture; (2) to at-
mospheric pressure (except into an open tank which is part of the water-supply
system); (3) to a boiler or heating system; (4) to any water-operated device
or equipment requiring water to operate, but not a part of the plumbing system.
WATER RISER PIPE: See Riser.
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WATER-SERVICE PIPE: The water-service pipe is the pipe from the water main or
other source of water supply to the building served.
WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM: The water-supply system of a building or premises consists
of the water-service pipe, the water-distributing pipes, and the necessary con-
necting pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances in or adjacent to
the building or premises.
WET VENT: A wet vent is a vent which also serves as a waste.
YARD LINE - GAS PLUMBING: The section of consumer's piping and fittings extend-
ing from the point of delivery to the house piping.
YOKE VENT: A yoke vent is a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack
to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks.
CHAPTER 5
LICENSING REQUIREMENT
5.1 PLUMBING LICENSE REQUIRED.
5.1.1. All persons who engage in or work at the actual installation, al-
teration, repair and renovating of plumbing shall possess either a master or
journeyman plumber's license in accordance with the provisions of the Plumbing
License Law of 1947.
CHAPTER 6
EXEMPTED ACTIVITY
6.1 EXEMPTIONS: The following acts, work and conduct shall be expressly permit-
ted without license:
6.1.1 Home Owner: Plumbing work done by a property owner in a building
owned or occupied by him as his home.
6.1.2 Maintenance. Utility and Appliance Work: Plumbing work done by any-
one who is regularly employed as or acting as a maintenance man or maintenance
engineer, incidental to and in connection with the business in which he is em-
ployed or engaged and who does not engage in the occupation of a plumber for the
general public; construction, installation and maintenance work done upon the
premises or equipment of a railroad by an employee thereof who does not engage
in the occupation of a plumber for the general public; and plumbing work done by
persons engaged by any public service company in the laying, maintenance and
operation of its service mains or lines and the installation, alteration, adjust-
ment, repair, removal and renovation of all types of appurtenances, equipment
and appliances; appliance installation and service work done by anyone who is
an appliance dealer or is employed by an appliance dealer, and acting as an ap-
pliance installation man or appliance service man in connecting appliances to
existing piping installations. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT ALL WORK AND SERVICE
HEREIN NAMED OR REFERRED TO SHALL BE SUBJECT TO INSPECTION AND APPROVAL IN AC-
CORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF ALL LOCAL VALID CITY OR MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES.
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CHAPTER 7
ADMINISTRATION
7.1 PLUMBING INSPECTORS: The office of Plumbing Inspector is hereby created to
administer and enforce this code. The Mayor shall appoint the Plumbing Inspec-
tor and any assistants necessary to aid him in the discharge of his duties. Such
appointment shall be subject to confirmation by the City Council~ The person
chosen to fill this office shall be of good moral character; shall be possessed
of such executive ability, training and experience as is required for the per-
formance of his duties in the enforcement of this code. He shall receive such
compensati.Dn and serve for such term as may be fixed by the governing body; and
execute and deliver to the city a surety bond in the principal amount of $1,000.00
conditioned upon the diligent and honest performance of the duties required by
th.is code, or any other ordinance or law. The bond premium shall be paid by
che city and the bond shall be satisfactory to the governing body. He shall
hold and keep in force a Plumbing Inspector's License issued by the State Board
of Plumbing Examiners.
7.2 PROHIBITED INTERESTS: The Plumbing Inspector shall not work for or be
connected or associated with any master plumber, plumbing manufacturer or whole-
sale plumbing and supply company or do any plumbing work while employed as a
Plumbing Inspector.
7.3 DUTIES OF INSPECTOR: The duties of the Plumbing Inspector or assistant
plumbing inspector shall be to receive, approve and countersign either in per-
son or by an authorized representative, all applications and collect all fees
for permits to do plumbing, or make sewer connections in the city, or outside
the boundaries of the city, if connections are made to either the city water or
sewer systems; also to personally inspect and pass on all plumbing work, and
sewer connections now in use or being constructed, or which may hereafter be
constructed in the city, or outside the boundaries of the city, if connections
are made to either the city water or sewer systems, and to issue his certificate
of approval thereof, if he shall approve the same, or, if he shall not approve
the same, to direct, by written order, the owner or agent in charge of any
building or premises, where imperfect plumbing, including water, sewer or gas
piping, may be located, or the plumber in charge of such construction to stop
the use or construction of same until it shall have been properly repaired or
constructed in accordance with the provisions of this code; to investigate all
alleged violations of the plumbing ordinances; to file complaints against all
persons whom he may have reason to believe have violated any of the plumbing or
sewer ordinances of the city. Assistant inspectors of plumbing shall perform
all of the duties and have all of the powers of the Plumbing Inspector.
7.4 POWERS OF INSPECTOR: The Plumbing Inspector shall have the power and it
shall be his duty, where any building, premises or construction contains im-
proper or defective plumbing or where same has been constructed, erected, al-
tered, or repaired without a permit as provided by this code, to give prompt
written notification to the utility involved to cut off the water or gas supply
thereto until such improper or defective plumbing shall be made to comply fully
with the provisions of this code, and a certificate to the Plumbing Inspector
shall have been issued.
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7.5 LIABILITIES OF INSPECTOR: Where action is taken by the Plumbing Inspector
to enforce the provisions of this code, such action shall be in the name of, and
on behalf of, the city, and the Inspector in so acting shall not render himself
personally liable for any damage which may accrue to pet~ons or property as a
result of an action committed in good faith in the discharge of his duties, and
any suit brought against any inspector by reason thereof shall be defended by
the City Attorney until final determination of the proceedi~gs contained therein.
7.6 AUTHORITY OF INSPECTOR: The Plumbing Inspector shall have the right to
enter any building or premises at any reasonable time in the discharge of his
official duties, or for the purpose of making any inspection, re~inspection, or
test required by this code.
CHAPTER 8
PLUMBING APPEALS AND ADVISORY BOARD
8.1 ORGANIZATION OF BOARD: There is hereby created a six member Plumbing Ap-
peals and Advisory Board consisting of:
(1) A licensed Master Plumber
(2) A licensed Journeyman Plumber
(3) A building contractor
(4) The City Engineer
(5) The City Health Officer
(6) A licensed architect or alternate selection (see Paragraph 8.1.3)
8.1.1 Ex-officio Member: The Plumbing Inspector shall be an ex-officio,
non-voting member of said Board.
8.1.2 Appointment and Terms of Office: Members of the Board and their
successors shall be appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the City Council
and shall hold office for terms of 4 years, or until their successors are ap-
pointed and have qualified; except, the members of the Board first appointed
shall hold office, two for two years and two for four years as determined by
the Mayor in making said appointments.
8.1.3 Alternate Selection: If a licensed architect or registered engineer
is not available, the Mayor may appoint such other lay person as he deems quali-
fied to serve as a representative of the general public.
8.1.4 Eligibility to Serve: The City Engineer and the City Health Officer
shall be eligible to serve only so long as they hold office.
8.1.5 Compensation: All members shall serve without compensation.
8.2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND ADOPTION OF RULES: The members of the Board shall
meet as soon after their appointment as practicable for the purpose of organi-
zation. The Board shall formally elect a chairman, a vice chairman, and a sec-
retary from its members and may adopt such rules as it deems necessary for the
orderly conduct of its affairs. A full and complete record of the proceedings
of said Board shall be kept. A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business.
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8 . 3 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BOARD
8.3.1 Right of Appeal: Any person, firm or corporation aggrieved by any
interpretation of this code or by any decision or ruling by the Plumbing Inspec-
tor under this code shall have the right to make an appeal to the Plumbing Ap-
peals and Advisory Board.
8.3.2 Hearings of the Board: Within a period of ten (10) days from the
filing of the appeal the Board shall hear the appeal, together with the testi-
mony of all parties concerned, and render a decision thereon within three (3)
days thereafter. In hearing such an appeal, the Board shall not have the power
to waive or set aside the requirements of this code but shall have the power to
interpret its provisions and in case of alternate types of construction or
material, shall determine whether or not such alternate type of construction or
material is, in fact, equal to the standards of this code, considering adequacy,
stability, strength, sanitation and safety to the public health and welfare.
Any person, firm or corporation who may be aggrieved by the decision of the
Board shall have a right of appeal to the City Council within ten (10) days from
the rendition of such decision. Said appeal shall be perfected by written notice
addressed to the Mayor and City Council asking for a hearing by the Council, and
the action of the City Council thereon shall be final.
8.3.3 Advisory Responsibility of the Board: The Board shall submit to the
City Council such recommendations for the improvement and revision of this Code
as it may from time to time deem necessary and proper in light of the develop-
ment of new materials, methods or techniques which would result in a better and
more economical installation. All requests for use of materials or methods not
covered in this Code shall be fully supported by factual evidence, or prior ap-
proval, from a recognized testing agency or such impartial qualified authority
acceptable to the Board.
CHAPTER 9
PERMITS. FEES AND INSPECTIONS
9.1 PERMITS
9.1.1 Permits Required:
A. It shall be unlawful to construct, install or cause to be installed any
plumbing as defined herein without first securing a plumbing permit
therefor except as otherwise provided in Section 9.1.2.
B. It shall be unlawful for any person to make any extension to any lines
or pipes, using water from city water mains, whether within or without
the corporate limits of the city, or to add any pipes or to change any
pipes or lines from a water line, apartment, house, premises, or meter
without first securing a permit for such changes except as otherwise
provided in Section 9.1.2.
C. Permits and inspections shall be required for the replacement of water
heaters.
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9.1.2 Permits Not Required: No Plumbing permit is required to do minor
repairs such as the maintenance, repair or replacement in kind of the follow-
ing:
(1) Yard hydrants and sill cocks
(2) Flush valves and float-balls in water closet tanks
(3) Accessible traps on lavatories or sinks
(4) Replacing of plumbing fixtures where no change in "roughing-in" is
involved except replacement of water heaters. (See Paragraph
9.1.1 - C.)
The above examples are representative only and should not be considered as
a limitation on the term "minor repairs .11
9.1.3 Issuance of Permit: The Plumbing Inspector or his designated re-
presentative shall issue all plumbing permits in accordance with the provisions
and requirements of this code. All applications for permits shall give the
correct location of the building, name of the owner of such building, and a
complete statement of the work and fixtures to be installed. The Plumbing In-
spector may require a complete plan of the work to be performed if considered
necessary.
9.1.4 Special Permits Authorized: A special permit may be issued by the
Plumbing Inspector, in writing, when plumbing cannot be installed in accordance
with all of the provisions of this code, if in his judgment the conditions re-
quire it. Application for this type permit shall be made in writing accompan-
ied by a sketch showing the work to be done; said sketch must be kept on file
in the Plumbing Inspector's office. In other work pertaining to, but not
specifically covered by this code, the Plumbing Inspector may prescribe such
specifications as may be necessary and shall be consulted before any work is
started.
9.1.5 Persons Who May Obtain a Permit: Permits shall be issued only to
the following:
(1) Any Master Plumber licensed by the State Board of Plumbing Examiners.
(2) Any property owner for plumbing work to be done by him in a building
owned or occupied by him as his home.
(3) Any appliance dealer or employee of an appliance dealer who is acting
as an appliance installation man or appliance service man in connect-
ing appliances to existing piping installations.
9.1.6 Permits Not Transferable: Each permit issued under this code shall
be personal to the Permittee. No such permit shall be assigned or transferred
to another person and no person shall permit another person to obtain a permit
in his name, or permit any plumbing or gas fitting work to be performed under
his permit by any person other than a person authorized to do the same.
9.1.7 False Statement or Bad Faith: Any person who shall wilfully make
any false statement in order to obtain a permit shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
and subject to the penalty provided herein. Bad faith or unreasonable delay in
the performance of plumbing work shall be deemed a sufficient reason for sub-
jecting the plumber so offending to a suspension of the permit and no further
permit shall be issued until such act of bad faith or unreasonable delay has
been corrected.
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9.1.8 Duration of Permit: Every permit issued under the prov~s~ons of
this Code shall expire 90 days after the date thereof unless the work authorized
by such permit shall have been commenced within such time; and every permit shall
expire if the work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned for as
long as 90 days after it has been commenced. In every case where a permit is
permitted to expire, a new permit shall be obtained before any work is resumed.
9.2 ~
9.2.1 Permit and Inspection Fees: The permit and inspection fees herein
provided shall be paid to the City before the issuance of a permit and before
any work is started. The fees shall be as follows:
9.2.2 Table of Fees:
For issuing each permit......................................... $1.00
In addition:
For each plumbing fixture or trap or set of fixtures of
one trap (including water and drainage piping).............. $1.00
For each hou se sewer............................................ $1.00
For each house sewer having to be replaced or repaired.......... $1.00
For each water heater and/or vent............................... $1.00
For each gas piping system of 1 to 5 outlets.................... $2.00
For each gas piping system of 6 or more, per outlet............. $ .50
For installation of water piping for water treating
equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. $1.00
Lawn sprinkler system inspection for five (5) sprinkler
head s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $1.00
Each additional sprinkler head over five, fifteen cents
(. 15) each..................................................... $ .15
For re-inspection............................................... $2.00
9.3 INSPECTIONS AND TESTS
9.3.1 When Required: All new plumbing work, and such portions of exist-
ing systems as may be affected by new work or any changes, shall be inspected
to insure compliance with all the requirements of this Ordinance. It shall be
the duty of the plumber to give reasonable advance notice to the Plumbing In-
spection Department when plumbing work is ready for inspection.
If the Inspector finds the installation does not meet with the requirements
of the Code, the plumber shall make the necessary corrections and the work shall
then be re-submitted for inspection.
All materials and labor necessary for tests shall be furnished by the
plumber.
9.3.2 Drainage and Vent System Tests: All the piping of new installations,
and of major additions, or renovations of existing systems, shall be tested with
air or water. The water test shall be applied to the drainage system either in
its entirety or in sections. All openings in the portion under test shall be
tightly plugged except the highest opening and the system filled with water to
point of overflow. No joint or pipe in the system (to a point at least level
with the top floor) shall be submitted to less than a 42-inch head of water.
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The water shall be kept in the system, or portion of the system under test,
for a period of at least 15 minutes before inspection and shall then be tight
at all points.
9.3.3 Water Supply System Test: Upon completion of the water system, or
section thereof, it shall be tested and proved tight under a water test at least
as great as city water pressure. Water for testing must be from a potable supply.
Pressure must be on systems for at least 15 minutes prior to inspection. Caulk-
ing or use of any patching material is strictly prohibited. All faulty pipe and
materials shall be replaced with good materials.
9.3.4 Building Sewer
proved prior to backfill.
of water and proved tight.
Test: All building sewers shall be inspected and ap-
Building sewers shall be tested with a 10-foot head
9.3.5 Gas System Test: The test on house p~p~ng shall be made by closing
all openings and subjecting the pipes to an air pressure that will support a
column of mercury 10 inches in height. If this column of mercury is supported
by the air pressure for at least 15 minutes, during periods of constant tempera-
ture, the piping shall be considered tight.
9.3.6 Prohibited Methods of Testing: Water shall not be used in testing
gas p~p~ng for leaks and piping into which water has been introduced will not
be approved, but will be condemned as faulty. A fire test is not permitted
under any circumstances on inside work.
9.3.7 Gas System Inspection: When the plumber has completed the gas pip-
ing system and has all branches and branch extensions firmly and permanently
fastened, he shall test the piping and if found tight, shall make application
for inspection and the Plumbing Inspector will call and inspect the piping and
witness the test, and if he finds the piping tight, and the sizes and work in
accordance with the provisions of this Code, he will issue a certificate of
inspection and attach an inspection tag to the work.
9.3.8 Final Inspections:
(1) Final inspection shall be made on the sanitary system and the water
system after the fixtures are set and the building is ready for oc-
cupancy.
(2) Final inspection shall be made on the gas system after the water
heater, furnace and gas cocks have been installed and shall be made
with air pressure of 10 inches of mercury for 15 minutes. When
changes of extensions are made to a gas system from a point where
no gas stop has been provided in the original gas system, the plumber
must prepare the entire system for test and same with air pressure
of 10 inches of mercury. Test must be on system for a minimum of
15 minutes before inspection.
9.3.9 Covering Plumbing: No part of the plumbing system shall be covered
before it has been tested, inspected and approved as prescribed in this section.
If any part is covered prior to the provisions of this Section, it shall be ex-
posed upon the direction of the Plumbing Inspector.
-22
VOLUME zt: PAGE 9~
CHAPTER 10
BONDING PROVISION
10.1 BOND REQUIRED: Before any person, firm or corporation shall engage in the
business of plumbing in the City, he, it, or they shall first obtain the proper
license and deposit with the City a good and sufficient bond in the sum of One
Thousand ($1,000.00) Dollars, conditioned that the person, firm or corporation
engaged in the plumbing business will faithfully observe all the laws pertaining
to plumbing; further, that the City shall be indemnified and saved harmless from
all claims arising from accidents and damage of any character whatsoever caused
by the negligence of such person, firm or corporation engaged in the plumbing
business, or by any other unfaithful inadequate work done either by themselves
or their agents or employees.
CHAPTER 11
GENERAL REGULATIONS
11.1 CONFORMANCE WITH CODE: All plumbing systems hereafter installed shall
conform with the provisions of this code.
11.1.1 Sewer Required: Every building in which plumbing fixtures are
installed shall have a connection to a public or private sewer.
Exception: When there is no sewer available within 200 feet an
approved private sewage disposal system may be used.
11.1.2 Independent Systems: The drainage system of each new building and
of new work installed in existing buuildings shall be separate and independent
from that of any other building and when available shall have an independent
connection with a public sewer.
Exception: When one building stands in the rear of another build-
ing, on an interior lot and these buildings are on one parcel of land under one
owner, then the building sewer may be extended to serve the rear building.
11.1.3 Easement Provision: A house sewer may not cross another lot unless
an easement or right-of-way is provided to protect all property owners.
11.2 FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS:
11.2.1 Fittings for Change in Direction. Changes in direction in drainage
piping shall be made by the appropriate use of 45-degree wyes or 1/2 wyes, long
or short sweep quarter bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth bends, or by a com-
bination of these or equivalent fittings. Single and double sanitary tees and
quarter bends may be used in drainage lines only where the direction of flow is
from the horizontal to the vertical.
11.2.2 Change of Direction Table: The fittings in Figure 1 are used for
changing direction as follows:
-23-
Diameter of Pipe
Direction
Install
Drainage - any size
Horizontal to
Vertical
Quarter bend or 90
degree short turn
Vent - any size
Any direction
3 inch or more
Vertical to
Horizontal
Short sweep or 90
degree long turn
drainage elbow
3 inch or less
Vertical to
Horizontal
Long sweep or extra
long turn elbow
CAST IRON SOIL FITTINGS
CAST IRON DRAINAGE FITTINGS
III
~
r::!J \ ~.
[f8
~
1/4 Bend Any
Size; From
Horizontal To
Vertical Only
Short Sweep 3"
And Over; Vertical
To Horizontal
Long Sweep
Less Than 3"
Vertical To
Horizontal
Short
Turn
Long Turn
Extra Long
Turn
Fie-lire 1
11.3 PROHIBITED FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS:
11.3.1 Fittings: No fitting having a hub in the direction opposite to flow,
or tee branch shall be used as a drainage fitting. No running threads, bands,
or saddles shall be used in the drainage system. No drainage or vent piping
shall be drilled or drilled and tapped.
11.3.2 Heel or Side-Inlet Bend: A heel inlet quarter bend shall not be
used as a vent when the inlet is placed in a horizontal position.
11.3.3 Obstruction to Flow: No fitting or connection which offers ab-
normal obstruction to flow shall be permitted.
11.4 EXISTING BUILDINGS:
11.4.1 Provision for Code Deviations: In existing buildings or premises
in which plumbing installations are to be altered, repaired, or renovated, neces-
sary deviations from the provisions of this code may be permitted, provided such
deviations conform to the intent of the code and are approved by the Plumbing
Inspector.
-24-
VOLUE3
~ "D'''''-;' :;1:.
..l.Y _~:i I',j..)" 1:1 l' (j~
11.5 SEWER AND WATER PIPES
11.5.1 Separate Sewer Ditch:
pipes, shall not be run or laid in
age piping, except as provided for
Water-service pipes, or any underground water
the same trench as the building sewer or drain-
in Paragraph 19.4.11 and Paragraph 20.2.2.
11.5.lA Protection of Pipes:
A. Breakage and Corrosion: Pipes passing through or under walls shall
be protected from breakage. Pipes passing through cinders or concrete shall be
protected from external corrosion by protective coating or wrapping.
B. All drainage pipe passing through foundation walls shall be provid-
ed with a sleeve at least two pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through.
Annular space between sleeves and pipes shall be filled with coal tar, asphal-
tum compound or other material equally effective and approved by the Plumbing
Inspector.
C. All drainage pipes and/or building sewers passing under concrete
or driveways shall be cast iron soil pipe with caulked or approved mechanical
joints.
11.5.2 Damage to Drainage System or Public Sewer: It shall be unlawful
for any person to deposit by any means into the building drainage system or
sewer any ashes; cinders, rags; inflammable, poisonous, or explosive liquids;
gases; oils, grease; or any other material which would or could obstruct, damage,
or overload such system or sewer.
11.6 WATER CLOSET CONNECTIONS:
11.6.1 Lead:
on water closets or
panded to receive a
cast iron soil pipe
Three-inch (311) extra heavy lead bends and
similar connections, provided the inlet is
four inch (411) floor flange, or connection
and cast iron floor flange.
stubs may be used
dressed or ex-
may be made with
11.6.2 Rigid: Wall outlet water closets may have rigid connections of ap-
proved manufacture.
11.6.3 Reducing: Four by three-inch (4" X 3") extra heavy lead, cast iron
or approved copper reduction bends are permitted.
11.7 RAT PROOFING: Where this term is used, it shall also mean mouse proofing.
11.7.1 Exterior Openings: All exterior openings provided for the passage
of piping shall be properly sealed with snugly fitting collars of metal or other
approved rat-proof material securely fastened into place.
11.7.2 Interior Openings: Excess space around pipe openings through walls,
floors, or ceilings shall be chinked or closed by the use or ordinary masonry
mortar when and where possible. Where this is not practical, the Plumbing In-
spector shall prescribe an alternate method and material.
-25-
CHAPTER 12
MATERIALS - QUALITY AND WEIGHT
12.1 MATERIALS:
12.1.1 Minimum Standards: The materials listed in this Chapter shall con-
form at least to the standards cited in pages 28 through 31 when used in the con-
struction, installation, alteration, or repair of any part of a plumbing and
drainage system, except that the Inspector shall allow the extension, addition,
or relocation of existing soil, waste, or vent pipes with materials of like
grade or quality.
12.1.2 Use of Materials: The following Table outlines permissible
materials for various uses subject to the restrictions of the following chapters.
12.1.3 Materials Not Listed: Materials other than those listed for the
various uses may be permitted upon approval of the plumbing Appeals and Advisory
Board. The Board shall not approve any material unless the same is shown to be
equal to or better than materials listed in this Ordinance.
-26-
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.::Jt:;o.::J 0.l.,'C.? .:::,'1.1. :.., ~'c '~',' (
Iv Ivlv
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x x h(v
x Ix x ,x x xix x
x Ix xix x vlv v
v Iv 'l Iv v
12.1.4
Materials and Uses:
Clav Sewer PiDe With Neonrpnp S""l
Concrete Se~ver Pipe NeODrene Seal
Bituminized Sewer Pipe
Asbestos Cement PiDe
Cast-Iron Soil Pioe & Fittin\!s
Cast_Iron No-Hub Pine and Fittin~~
r,,~.._ Tr~~ l\ Pinp
..kilt=:Trnn T,J,,"..r Pin.. F" l<! ....!~~e
rn~"_T_~~ -
Cast-Iron (Draina~e) Fittings
Wrought-Iron Pipe Galvanized
Steel Pipe Galvanized
Open Hearth Iron Pipe
Malleable Iron Fittings Galvanized
Malleable Drainage Fittings
Brass Pipe I.P.S. & Screwed Fittings
Conner PiDe IPS
Copper Water Tube (Type K or L, Soft)
& Wrou2h t Fi
Soldered Joint Fittings - Copper,
Brass f.. Bronze
Cas" Hr"~~ k'lnrorl Tvnp 1<'i,.,.i"""
x X
X x X x x x
~* *'
~* *,
!H *,
X X
X X X X
x x X x
yly
Solder Joint Drainage Pattern
Fittin2s Brass
'T'"ho 'T'"no M 1-br,1
Conner Tube Tvne DWV
CODDer Tube TVDe L Hard
Copper Tube. Type K Hard
Lend Pipe
Steel Pipe Cement Lined
Plastic, Pipe (PVC) or UPVC
Plastic Pipe (Polve"hvl..nPI
Pl~,,"!~ Pinp (AR~1
Styrene Rubber Pipe
Glass (of Approved Hanufacture)
Duriron (or Equal)
x X X X y Iv rx
vv vlv 'IV
"xix xv
y I x y iY x 1( Iv Iv
xxxix XXXDc
-- ex... - _
x X X Ix -.X. x... LL
X X X Ix v v v '\(
X Ix br
-------
*
f
\1" ~\ . rnrr;r
,ULu.ul;, ";:"'01'-; t?77,
- .-,-...~.J.J.-'~
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y x
v v
v v
* Ix
* Ix Ix
X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
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X X
X X Ix Ixx Ix
x y Ix ~ X IX
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**
May be used for large size service lines and private distribution
systems (3 inches or larger),
When used for sanitary vents, shall extend up from a point at
least six inches above the flood level of the highest fixture on
the stack,
-27-
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hot compound during pouring. Each joint shall be poured in one operation until
the joint is filled. Joints shall not be tested until one (1) hour after pour-
ing.
13.2.7 Cement Mortar Joints: Cement joints shall be used only when speci-
fically permitted in other chapters of this Code or when approved by the Plumbing
Inspector, as sufficient to accomplish the purpose of this Code. A layer of jute
or hemp shall be inserted into the base of the joint space and rammed to prevent
mortar from entering the interior of the pipe. Jute or hemp shall be dipped into
a slurry suspension of portland cement in water prior to insertion into bell.
Not more than 25 percent of the joint space shall be used for jute or hemp. The
remaining space shall be. filled in one continuous operation with a thoroughly
mixed mortar composed of 1 part cement and 2 parts sand, with only sufficient
water to make the mixture workable by hand. After 1/2 hour of setting, the joint
shall be rammed around the entire periphery with a blunt tool to force the par-
tially stiffened mortar into the joint and to repair any cracks formed during
the initial setting period. Pipe interior shall be swabbed to remove any mater-
ial that might have fallen into the interior. Additional mortar of the same
composition shall then be troweled so as to form a 45-degree taper with the
barrel of the pipe.
13.2.8 Asbestos-Cement Sewer-Pipe Joints: Joints in asbestos-cement pipe
shall be made with sleeve coupling of the same composition as the pipe, sealed
with rubber rings. Joints between asbestos-cement pipe and metal pipe shall be
made by means of an adapter coupling calked as required in Paragraph 13.1.1
13.2.9 Bituminized-fiber Pipe Joints: Joints in bituminized-fiber pipe
shall be made with tapered-type couplings of the same material as the pipe.
Joints between bituminized-fiber pipe and metal pipe shall be made by means of
an adapter coupling calked as required in Paragraph 13.2.1.
13.2.10 Plastic Pipe: All plastic pipe shall be installed in strict accor-
dance with manufacturer's recommendations and joints between plastic pipe and
fittings shall be made by one of the following methods:
A. The solvent weld method, with socket type fittings molded of the same
materials as the pipe.
B. Insert fittings and stainless steel clamps.
C. Screw type plastic fittings on threaded plastic pipe.
Each type of joint shall be made in accordance with manufacturer's publish-
ed recommendations.
13.2.11 No-Hub Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings: Joints should be in ac-
cordance with 30l-68T.
13.2.12 Elastomeric Joints: Elastomeric joints for cast iron soil pipe
shall be positive seal, compression type and shall be as approved in accordance
with the requirements of this Ordinance. Size, shape or design of joints shall
not be altered by cutting.
-33-
CHAPTER 14
TRAPS AND CLEAN OUTS
14.1 TRAPS
14.1.1 General Regulations: Plumbing fixtures, excepting those having
integral traps, shall be separately trapped by a water seal trap, placed as close
to the fixture as possible.
A. However, a combination plumbing fixture may be installed on one trap,
if one compartment is not more than 6 inches deeper than the other
and the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches apart.
TRAY
MAXIMUM
6"
J_
~,o,9>9"~
rMAXIMUM 'r MAXIMUMl
CONTINUOUS WASTE lDRAINI
fOR THREE -COMPARTMENT
SINK OR THREE TRAYS OR
THREE LAVATORIES IN BATTERY
r
. CONTINUOUS
L- ~ _ -WASTE
'MAXIMUM I
TRAY WASTE CONNECTION
BELOW, OR WiTt""', TRAP
SEAL PREfERABLE
W
~
TWO-fiXTURE CONTINUOUS
WASTE WITH CENTER-TRAP
ouTLET
TWO-FIXTURE CONTINUOUS
WASTE WITH END-TRAP OUTLET
Figure 2
Figure 2 illustrates various types of continuous
when connecting a two- or three-compartment fixture.
compartment sink with a food-waste disposer under one
to use a directional fitting.
wastes that may be used
In the case of a two-
compartment, it is best
B. Provided, that one trap may be installed for a set of not more than
three single-compartment sinks or laundry trays or three lavatories
immediately adjacent to each other in the same room, if the waste
outlets are not more than 30 inches apart and the trap is centrally
located when three compartments are installed.
14.1.2 Vertic~l Distance of Trap to Fixture: The vertical distance from
the fixture outlet to the trap weir shall not exceed 24 inches. The same prin-
ciple applies to the distance from an integral fixture trap, as in a water closet,
to the connection with a horizontal drain. See Figure 3.
14.2 FIXTURE TRAPS
14.2.1 P Traps: Approved types of P traps of the same, or larger, diameter
of the fixture drain may be used.
14.2.2 Drum Traps: Drum traps shall be not less than 3 inches nor more
than 4 inches in diameter with at least a 2-inch water seal. The trap screw
shall be one size less than the trap diameter.
-34-
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-31-
CHAPTER 13
JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
13.1 GENERAL:
13.1.1 Tightness: Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be
gastight and watertight for the pressures required by test, with the exception
of those portions of perforated or open-joint piping which are installed for the
purpose of collecting and conveying ground or seepage water to the underground
storm drains.
13.2 TYPES OF JOINTS:
13.2.1 Calked Joints: Calked joints for cast-iron bell-and-spigot soil
pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead not
less than 1 inch deep and not to extend more than 1/8 inch below the rim of the
hub. No paint, varnish, or other coatings shall be permitted on the jointing
material until after the joint has been tested and approved.
13.2.2 Threaded Joints: Threads shall conform to American National Taper
Pipe Thread, ASA B2.l-l945 or FS GGG-P-35la. All burrs shall be removed. Pipe
ends shall be reamed or filed out to size of bore, and all chips shall be remov-
ed. Pipe-joint cement and paint shall be used only on male threads.
13.2.3 Wiped Joints: Joints in lead pipe or fittings, or between lead pipe
or fittings and brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples, or traps, shall
be full-wiped joints. Wiped joints shall have an exposed surface on each side
of a joint not less than 3/4 inch and at least as thick as the material being
jointed. Wallar floor flange lead-wiped joints shall be made by using a lead
ring or flange placed behind the joint at wall or floor. Joints between lead
pipe and cast iron, steel or wrought iron shall be made by means of a calking
ferrule, soldering nipple or bushing.
13.2.4 Solder or Sweat Joints: Solder or sweat joints for tubing shall
be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered or sweated shall be
cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly fluxed and made with approved
solder. Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of
approved brass water fittings, properly sweated or soldered together.
13.2.5 Flared Joints: Flared joints for soft-copper water tubing shall be
made with fittings meeting approved standards. The tubing shall be expanded with
a proper flaring tool.
13.2.6 Hot-Poured Joints: Hot-poured compound for clay or concrete sewer
pipe shall not be water absorbent and when poured against a dry surface shall
have a bond of not less than 100 pounds per square inch. All surfaces of the
joint shall be cleaned and dried before pouring. If wet surfaces are unavoidable,
a suitable primer shall be applied. Compound shall not soften sufficiently to
destroy the effectiveness of the joint when subjected to a temperature of 1600 F
nor be soluble in any of the waste carried by the drainage system. Approximately
25 per cent of the joint space at the base of the socket shall be filled with
jute or hemp. A pouring collar, ropes, or other device shall be used to hold the
-32-
'~(Y'T"""'" --rr- """'"'Ti' JI1/~
v "".Lil;;'d_'~~1-- /"'.'....)_J_ 1t".1'
........ Outlet
.......... ...... "..
fWure ...... t, .... ."r
z
......... ....... froM 1Ut1.. to
....... lIno fit horta_o. ......
w....
Figure 3
14.2.3 Trap Seal: Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less
than 2 inches and not more than 4 inches, except where a deeper seal is found
necessary by the Plumbing Inspector for special conditions.
14.2.4 Self-Cleaning: Fixture traps shall be self-cleaning.
14.2.5 Slip Joints: Slip joints or couplings may be used on the trap in-
let or within the trap seal.
14.2.6 Prohibited Traps:
A. No trap which depends for its seal upon the action of movable
parts shall be used.
B. Full S-traps are prohibited.
C. Bell traps are prohibited.
D. Crown-vented traps are prohibited.
14.3 PIPE CLEANOUTS
14.3.1 Underground Drain: Cleanouts, when installed on an underground
drain, shall be extended to or above the finished grade directly above the place
where the cleanout is installed; or they may be extended to the outside of the
building when found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector. Distance between clean-
outs not to exceed 50 feet.
14.3.2 Building Sewer: A cleanout of the same nominal size as the pipe,
up to 4 inches and not less than 4 inches for larger pipe shall be installed at
the junction of the building (house) drain and the building sewer. Cleanouts
shall also be installed at intervals not to exceed 100 feet in straight runs and
shall be brought to grade in an approved manner.
-35-
14.3.3 Change of Direction: A cleanout shall be installed in horizontal
drainage piping at each change of direction greater than 45 degrees, provided
that cleanouts may be installed at the end of branch lines if the change of
direction in the branch is made with two 1/8 bends or with a wye and 1/8 bend
and is not more than 40 feet from the cleanout. Test tees or approved two-way
cleanouts may be used for cleanouts where practical.
14.3.4 Concealed Piping: Cleanouts on concealed piping shall be extended
through and terminate flush with the finished wall or floor or brought to grade.
Pits or chases may be left in the wall or floor, provided they are of sufficient
size to permit removal of the cleanout plug and proper cleaning of the system.
14.3.5 Base of Stacks: A cleanout shall be provided at or near the base
of each sink waste stack and shall be extended to an easily accessible location
above the floor line or to the outside wall.
14.3.6 Direction of Flow: Every cleanout shall be installed so that the
cleanout opens in a direction opposite to the flow of the drainage line or at
right angle thereto.
14.3.7 Prohibited Connections: Cleanout openings shall not be used for
the installation of new fixtures or floor drains except where approved by the
Inspector.
14.3.8 Location of Cleanout Plugs: All cleanouts shall be so installed
that there is at least 18 inches of clearance for the purpose of rodding. When
unable to maintain l8-inch clearance, extend cleanout to outside of building or
some other accessible location.
CHAPTER 15
INTERCEPTORS AND BACKWATER VALVES
15.1 INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
15.1.1 When Required:
a. Grease Traps; Wastes from kitchen sinks and/or dishwashers in
any hotel, restaurant, club house, boarding house, public institution,
hospital or similar place, shall discharge into an approved type grease
trap of adequate size before entering the sanitary drain or sewer. The
grease trap shall be properly vented and if more than 4 feet horizon-
tally or 30 inches vertically, from the outlet of the fixture it serves,
then the fixture shall have a separate trap and vent. No food grinders
or garbage disposers shall discharge into a grease trap. The grease re-
taining capacity of each grease trap in pounds of grease, shall be equal
to twice the rate of flow capacity in gallons per minute of waste water
so that the trap shall remove and retain 90% of the grease discharged
into it up to its required capacity of accumulated grease. For calculat-
ing the required sizes of grease traps the rate of discharge from each
fixture connected to the trap shall be based upon the rates shown in the
following table:
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.~
fr PAGE 10)..
Type of Fixture
Rate of Flow
in GPM
Single compartment sink with 1-1/2" waste
Double compartment sink with 1-1/2" waste
Triple compartment sink with 2" waste
Dishwashers -
up to 30 gallon water capacity
up to 50 gallon water capacity
up to 100 gallon water capacity
Floor Drain - each
15
20
25
15
25
40
5
Manufactured grease traps shall be selected to fit the flow rate
requirements of the connected fixtures from the manufacturer's rating
schedule. Concrete grease traps shall be sized as follows:
Minimum size up to 7 gpm l8"X18"X24" deep. For each addi tional gpm
flow rate, size shall be increased by 1 cubic foot.
b. Interceptors: All waste water from abbatoirs, poultry dressing
plants and fish and/or sea-food markets, when such water is used to con-
nection with killing, dressing, cleaning, washing or handling or such
animals, poultry or sea-food, shall discharge into a trough not less than
4 inches deep and 6 inches wide. This trough shall discharge into a
properly trapped and vented catch basin not less than 24 X 24 X 30 inches
with tight fitting solid cover and frame. (See Plumbing Inspector for
proper size.) In fish or sea-food market, the catch basin shall have a
2-inch vent extending through the roof independently of any other vent.
c. Washateria Waste: Waste water from washing machines in washa-
terias shall discharge into a trough as described above or into a col-
lection system of copper or cast iron stand-pipes and drain pipes. This
system shall then discharge in a "P" trap which is connected to a properly
sized catch basin. The "P" trap need not be vented if it is within 50
feet of the catch basin.
Catch Basin Sizes
0-24
Washing Machines
24"X24"X48" deep
24-30
Washing Machines
30"X30"X48" deep
30-60
Washing Machines
36"X36"X48" deep
Other interceptors and/or separators shall be used, when in the judgment of
the Plumbing Inspector, they are necessary for the proper handling of liquid-
borne wastes containing elements harmful to the building drainage system, the
public sewer, the sewage treatment plant or any of its processes.
15.1.2 Residential Units: A grease interceptor is not required for indivi-
dual dwelling units or private living quarters.
15.1.3 Venting Interceptors: Interceptors shall be so designed that they
will not become air bound if closed covers are used. Each interceptor shall be
properly vented.
-37-
15.1.4 Accessibility of Interceptor: Each interceptor shall be so inst
ed as to provide ready accessibility to the cover and means for servicing.
15.2 BACKWATER VALVES
15.2.1 Fixture Branches: Backwater valves shall be installed in the branch
of the building drain which receives only the discharge from fixtures located
within such branch and below grade and shall be so constructed as to insure a
mechanical seal against backflow. All bearing parts shall be of bronze or other
corrosion resistant material.
15.2.2 Diameter: Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall have a capa-
city not less than that of the pipes in which they are installed.
15.2.3 Location: Backwater valves shall be so installed as to provide
ready accessibility to their working parts.
CHAPTER 16
PLUMBING FIXTURES
16.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
16.1.1 Quality of Fixtures: Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed from
approved materials; have smooth impervious surfaces; be free from defects and
concealed fouling surfaces; and, except as permitted elsewhere in this Code,
shall conform in quality and design to one of the following standards:
Staple Porcelain Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Commercial Standard CS 77-48
Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Commercial Standard CS 20-63
Earthenware (vitreous glazed) Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Commercial
Standard CS 77-48
Plumbing Fixtures (for) Land Use, F.S.W W - P - 54la-1947
Formed Steel Enameled Sanitary Ware, F.S. W W - P - 542
Formed Metal Porcelain Enameled Sanitary Ware, NBS Commercial
Standard CS 144-47
Hospital Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Simplified Practice Recommendation
R 106-41
Plumbing Fixtures, Fittings Trim R 227-47
Lavatory and Sink Traps R 21-46
Fiberglass Bathtub Units, USAS 2124.1 - 1967
Fiberglass Shower Receptor and Shower Stall Unit USAS 2124.2
l6.l.la Alternate Materials: Sinks and special fixtures may be made of
soapstone, chemical stoneware, or may be lined with lead, copper-base alloy,
nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other materials especially
suited to the use for which the fixture is intended.
16.1.2 Supply Lines Protected: The supply lines or fittings for every
plumbing fixture shall be so installed as to prevent backflow or back siphonage.
16.1.3 Prohibited Fixtures and Connections: Pan, valve, plunger, offset,
washout, latrine, frostproof, and other waste closets having an invisible seal
or an unventilated space or having walls which are not thoroughly washed at each
discharge, are prohibited. Any water closet which might permit siphonage of the
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VCL u1L:=
1C
":".ti.',..r":_'
/c13
contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohibited. Floor-type trough
urinals are prohibited.
16.1.4 Strainers Required: All plumbing fixtures, other than water closets
and siphon-action washdown or blowout urinals, shall be provided with metal
strainers.
16.1.5 Waste-Outlets in Lavatories: Lavatories shall have waste outlets
not less than 1-1/4 inches in diameter. Wastes may have open strainers or may
be provided with stoppers.
16.1.6 Floor Drains: Floor drains shall have approved metal traps and a
minimum water seal of 3 inches and shall be provided with removable strainers.
The open area of strainer shall be at least two-thirds of the cross section area
of the drain line to which it connects.
16.1.7 Control Valves: Compression stops or globe valves shall be install-
ed on hot and cold water supply pipes to lavatories, water closets and other
fixtures with exposed supplies.
16.2 WATER CLOSETS
16.2.1 Flush Tank Capacity: Water closet tanks shall have a flushing
capacity sufficient to properly flush the water closet bowl.
16.2.2 Float Valves: Float valves in lowdown tanks shall close tight and
provide water to properly refill the trap seal in the bowl.
16.2.3 Close Coupled Tanks: The flush-valve seat in close coupled water
closet combinations shall be 1 inch or more above the rim of the bowl, so that
the flush valve will close even if the closet trapway is clogged; or any closets
with flush valve seats below the rim of the bowl shall be so constructed that
in case of trap stoppage, water will not flow continuously over the rim of the
bowl.
16.2.4 Automatic Flush Valves: Flush valves shall be so installed that
they will be readily accessible for repairing. When the valve is operated, it
shall complete the cycle of operation automatically, opening fully and closing
positively under the service pressure. At each operation the valve shall deliver
water in sufficient volume and at a rate that will thoroughly flush the fixture
and refill the fixture trap. Means shall be provided for regulating flush valve
flow. Not more than one fixture shall be served by a single flush valve.
16.3 URINALS
16.3.1 Automatic Flushing Tank, When Required: Tanks flushing more than
one urinal shall be automatic in operation and of sufficient capacity to provide
the necessary volume to flush and properly cleanse all urinals Simultaneously.
16.3.2 Urinals Equipped with Flush Valves: Flush valves shall be as pre-
scribed in Section 16.2.4 and no manually operated valve shall be used to flush
more than one urinal. Automatic electrically operated flush valves in a battery
of urinals may be controlled from one central control device.
-39-
16.3.3 Trough Urinals: Trough urinals shall be not less than 6 inches deep
and shall be furnished with one-piece backs and have strainers with outlets at
least 1-1/2 inch in diameter. The washdown pipe shall be perforated so as to
flush with an even curtain of water against the back of the urinal. This pipe
shall be securely clamped as high as practicable to the back of the urinal.
Trough urinals with tanks shall have a flushing capacity of not less than 1-1/2
gallons of water for each 2 feet of urinal length. Continuous water flow through
perforated washdown pipe may be used to flush trough urinals.
16.3.4 Equivalent Length: Trough urinals shall be figured on the basis of
1 urinal for each IS inches of length; i.e.,
24-inch trough equals 1 urinal
36-inch trough equals 2 urinals
4S-inch trough equals 2 urinals
60-inch trough equals 3 urinals
72-inch trough equals 4 urinals
16.3.5 Surrounding Materials: The walls and floor space to a point 1 foot
in front of urinal lip and 4 feet above the floor, and at least 1 foot to each
side of the urinal, shall be lined with non-absorbent materials.
16.4 FOOD WASTE GRINDER UNITS AND RESIDENTIAL DISHWASHERS
16.4.1 Disposal Unit: Where a disposal unit is installed in one of the
compartments of a two-compartment sink, the disposal unit shall discharge dir-
ectly into the trap and a continuous waste may be used for the other compartment.
16.4.2 Residential Dishwashers: A dishwasher which drains by gravity and
is directly connected to the drainage system shall be provided with a separate
trap. Dishwashers having drainage pumps may discharge into the waste outlet pip-
ing of an adjacent sink by means of a Y-branch fitting on the inlet side of the
sink trap. It may also connect to the opening provided in a disposal unit pro-
vided that the pump discharge line rises to an elevation of at least as high as
the underside of the sink rim or counter.
16.5 DRINKING FOUNTAINS
16.5.1 Design and Installation: The jet of the fountain should issue from
a nozzle of non-oxidizing, impervious material set at an angle from the vertical
such as to prevent the return of water in the jet to the orifice or orifices from
whence the jet issues. The nozzle and every other opening in the water pipe or
conductor leading to the nozzle should be above the edge of the bowl, so that
such nozzle or opening cannot be flooded in case a drain from the bowl of the
fountain becomes clogged. The end of the nozzle should be protected by non-
oxidizing guards to prevent the mouth and nose of the user from coming into con-
tact with the nozzle.
16.5.2 Protection of Water Supply: Stream projectors shall be so assembled
as to provide an orifice elevation as specified by American Standard Air Gaps in
Plumbing Systems (ASA A40.l4-l942) and American Standard Backflow Preventers in
Plumbing Systems (ASA A40.l6-l943).
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16.6 SHOWER RECEPTORS AND COMPARTMENTS
16.6.1 Shower-Pan Required: All shower compartments except approved fac-
tory receptors, and those built directly on the ground, shall have a properly
protected pan of lead, copper or approved equal. The pan shall turn up on all
sides at least 4 inches above the finished floor level or 3 inches above finished
curb level whichever is the highest. Drain fittings shall be so constructed that
the pan may be securely fastened to the drain fitting at the seepage entrance
making a water-tight joint between the pan and the drain. Shower receptacle
waste outlets shall be not less than 2 inches in diameter and have removable
strainers.
16.6.2 On the Ground: Shower receptors built on the ground shall be con-
structed from dense non-absorbent and non-corrosive materials and shall have
smooth impervious surfaces, or as provided in Paragraph 16.6.1
16.7 SPECIAL FIXTURES
16.7.1 Specialties: Baptistries, ornamental and lily pools, aquaria,
ornamental fountain basins and similar constructions, when provided with water
supplies, shall be protected from back-siphonage as required in Paragraph 19.2
or 19.3. Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted
for approval of the Inspector.
CHAPTER 17
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
17.1 STRAIN AND STRESSES
17.1.1 General: Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed without
undue strains and stresses, and provision shall be made for expansion, contrac-
tion, and structural settlement.
17.2 VERTICAL PIPING
17.2.1 Attachment: Vertical p~p~ng shall be secured at sufficiently close
intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the pipe and
contents.
17.2.2 Cast-Iron Soil Pipe: Cast-iron soil pipe shall be supported at
not less than at every story height and at its base.
17.2.3 Screwed Pipe: Screwed pipe (IPS) shall be supported at not less
than every other story height.
17.2.4 Copper Tubing: Copper tubing shall be supported at each story for
piping 1-1/2 inches and over and at not more than 4-foot intervals for 1-1/2
inches and smaller.
17.3 HORIZONTAL PIPING
17.3.1 Supports: Horizontal p~p~ng shall be supported at sufficiently
close intervals to keep it in alignment and prevent sagging.
-41-
17.3.2 Cast Iron Soil Pipe: Cast iron soil pipe shall be supported at not
more than 5' intervals on 5' pipe or la' intervals on 10' pipe.
17.3.3 Screwed Pipe:
mately 10-foot intervals.
Screwed pipe (IPS) shall be supported at approxi-
17.3.4 Copper Tubing:
6-foot intervals for piping
piping 2 inches and larger.
Copper tubing shall be supported at approximately
1-1/2 inches and smaller and 10-foot intervals for
17.3.5 Lead Pipe: Lead pipe shall be supported by strips or otherwise for
its entire length.
17.3.6 In Ground: Piping in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for
its entire length, except where support is otherwise provided which is adequate
in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector.
CHAPTER 18
INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES
18.1 SPECIAL WASTES
18.1.1 Food Handling: Establishments engaged in the storage, preparation,
selling, serving, processing, or otherwise handling of food shall have the waste
piping from all refrigerators, ice boxes, cooling or refrigerating coils, steam
tables, egg boilers, coffee urns or similar equipment discharge indirectly into
a sink or receptor and the waste outlet shall terminate at least 2 inches above
the flood rim of such sink or receptor.
18.1.2 Connection: Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains,
overflows, or relief vents from the water supply system or air conditioning units.
Condensate water may connect to a sink, lavatory or other equal fixture drain
above the trap.
18.1.3 Sterile Materials: Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as
sterilizers, stills, and similar equipment requiring water and waste connections
and used for sterile material, shall be indirectly connected or provided with
an air gap between the trap and the appliance.
18.1.4 Drips: Appliances, devices, or apparatus not regularly classed as
plumbing fixtures but which have drips or drainage outlets, shall be drained by
indirect waste pipes discharging into an open receptacle. Condensate waste from
residential air conditioning units may drain into a flower bed or other out-of-
the way place, or may connect to a sink, lavatory or other like fixture drain on
the house side of, and above, the trap.
18.1.5 Commercial Dishwashing Machines: Dishwashing machines, except those
in private living quarters or dwelling units, shall be connected as provided in
Paragraph 15.1.
18.1.6 Acid Wastes:
unaffected by such wastes.
passing through a properly
Acid and chemical waste pipes shall be
All acid and chemical wastes shall be
constructed and acceptable dilution or
of materials
neutralized by
neutralizing
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device. Such device shall be provided with an automatic intake of diluting water
or neutralizing medium so as to make the waste non-injurious before being dis-
charged into the sewage system. Details of the nature of the corrosive liquid
and the proposed method of treating it must be submitted to and accepted by the
Plumbing Inspector before installation. Vent pipes shall also be of acid resis-
t ing ma t eria 1.
18.2 LENGTH OF INDIRECT PIPING
18.2.1 Waste Pipe: Any indirect waste pipe exceeding 4 feet in length
shall be trapped.
18.2.2 Length Limitation: The maximum length of an unvented indirect waste
pipe shall be 15 feet.
18.2.3 Access for Cleaning: Indirect waste p~p~ng shall be so installed as
to permit ready access for flushing and cleansing.
CHAPTER 19
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
19.1 PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
19.1.1 Cross Connections: Potable water-supply piping, water-discharge
outlets, back flow-prevention devices or similar equipment shall not be located
so as to make possible their submergence in any contaminated or polluted liquid
or substance.
19.1.2 Approval of Devices: Before any device for the prevention of back-
flow or back siphonage is installed, it shall have first been certified as meet-
ing the requirements and tests as required for backflow preventers ASA A40.6.
Devices installed in a potable water supply for protection against backflow
shall be maintained in good working condition by the person or persons having
control of such devices. The Inspector may inspect such devices and, if found
to be defective or inoperative, shall require the replacement or repair thereof.
19.2 PREVENTION OF BACKFLOW BY AIR GAP
19.2.1 Provision for Air Gap: The water distribution system shall be pro-
tected against backflow. Every water outlet shall be protected from backflow,
where possible, by having the discharge end elevated to provide a "minimum re-
quired air gap" as defined in ASA A40 8-1955 and illustrated in Figure 4. Where
it is not possible to provide a minimum air gap, the water outlet shall be equip-
ped with an accessible located backflow preventer complying with requirements as
stated in Paragraph 19.1.2 above, installed on the discharge side of the manual
control valve.
19.3 VACUUM BREAKERS AND AIR GAPS
19.3.1 Flush Valves: Flush valves shall be equipped with an approved
vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be installed on the discharge side
of the flushing valve with the critical level at least 4 inches above the over-
flow rim of the bowl.
-43-
19.3.2 Flushing Tanks: Flushing tanks shall be equipped with an approved
ball-cock. The ball-cock shall be installed with the critical level of the
vacuum breaker at least 1/2 inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
In cases where the ball-cock has no hush tube, the bottom of the water supply
inlet shall be installed 1 inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
'Aucn
Atlt GAP
FLOOD LEVEL
AIIt GA'
BATH Tue
FLOOIt LEVEL
LAlaTOIty '1.000
LEvEL
Figure 4
19.3.3 Lawn Sprinklers: Lawn sprinkler systems shall be equipped with an
approved vacuum breaker on the discharge side of each of the last valves. The
vacuum breaker shall be at least 6 inches above the highest head and at no time
less than 6 inches above the surrounding ground. Where combination control val-
ves and backf10w preventers are installed, the bottom of the valve shall consti-
tute the bottom of the backf10w preventer.
19.3.4 Fixtures With Hose Attachments: Fixtures with hose attachments
shall be protected by an approved vacuum breaker installed 6 inches above the
highest point of usage and on the discharge side of the valve. Except that
vacuum breakers on residential spring-loaded hose and spray attachments are
not required.
19.3.5 Swimming Pools: Swimming pool water supply shall be protected by
means of an adequate air gap.
19.3.6 Cooling Water Systems: Potable water supplies to water cooling
towers (for air conditioning and/or refrigerators, or other like systems) shall
be protected by means of approved and properly installed, backflow preventors
or adequate air gaps.
19.3.7 Private Water Supply: No private water supply shall be inter-
connected with the public water system.
19.4 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING AND FITTINGS
19.4.1 Materials: Materials for water pipes shall be brass, copper, cast
iron, wrought iron, open hearth iron, steel, PVC plastic or ABS with appropriate,
approved fittings. All threaded ferrous pipe and fittings shall be galvanized
(zinc coated) inside and outside. Under ground connections between ferrous and
non-ferrous pipe shall be made only through an approved dielectric insulating
type of coupling, union, or connector.
-44-
YOLiJ'M7: 1J; "PAGE JC)~
19.4.2 Selection of Materials: When selecting the material and size for
water supply pipe, tubing, or fittings, due consideration shall be given to the
action of the water on the interior and to the soil, fill or other material on
the exterior of the pipe. No material that would produce toxic conditions in a
potable water supply system shall be used for piping, tubing, or fittings.
19.4.3 Inaccessible Pipes: Inaccessible water piping in or under floor
slabs shall be minimum weight Type L, or better, copper tubing. Copper piping
shall be continuous through the floor having no fittings or joints below the
surface of the floor.
19.4.4 Used Piping: No p1p1ng material that has been used for other than
a potable water supply system shall be re-used in the potable water supply sys-
tem.
19.4.5 Underground Stop and Waste Prohibited: The installation of stop
and waste valves below grade is prohibited.
19.4.6 Tank Controls: Supply lines taken from pressure or gravity tanks
shall be valved at or near their source.
19.4.7 Water Heating Equipment: A shut-off valve shall be provided in the
cold water branch line to each water tank or each water heater.
19.4.8 Water Service Pipe: The water service pipe from the street main to
the water distribution system for the building shall be of sufficient size to
furnish an adequate flow of water to meet the requirements of the building at
peak demand, and in no case shall be less than 3/4 inch nominal diameter from
main to point of first building outlet or branch take-off.
19.4.9 Sizing: The sizing of the water distribution system shall conform
to good engineering practice in accordance with the following Table. The minimum
size of a fixture supply pipe shall be as provided in the following Table.
Type of Fixture
or Device
Minimum Pipe Size
(Inches)
Bath Tubs
Combination Sink and Tray
Drinking Fountain
Dishwasher (domestic)
Kitchen Sink, residential
Kitchen Sink, commercial
Lavatory
Laundry Tray, 1, 2, or 3 compartments
Shower (single-head)
Sinks (Serv., slop)
Sinks Flushing Rim
Urinal (flush tank)
Urinal (direct flush valve)
Water Closet (tank type)
Water Closet (flush valve type)
Hose Bibbs
Wall Hydrant
1/2
1/2
3/8
1/2
1/2
3/4
3/8
1/2
1/2
1/2
3/4
1/2
3/4
3/8
1
1/2
1/2
-45-
For fixtures not listed, the m1n1mum supply branch may
be made the same as for a comparable fixture.
19.4.10 Separation from Drain and Sewer: Except as permitted in Paragraph
19.4.11, the underground water-service pipe and the building drain or building
sewer shall be not less than 10 feet apart horizontally and shall be separated
by undisturbed or compacted earth.
19.4.11 When Separation Not Required: Where the water-service pipe is 2
inches in diameter, or less, the water-service pipe may be placed in the same
trench with the building sewer and/or building drain if construction conditions
make it necessary. Provided the bottom of the water-service pipe at all points,
shall be at least 12 inches above the top of the sewer at its highest point. The
water service pipe shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the
common trench. The number of joints in the water-service pipe shall be kept to
a minimum. The materials and joints of sewer and water-service pipe shall be
installed in such manner and shall possess the necessary strength and durability
to prevent the escape of solids, liquids, and gases, therefrom, under all known
adverse conditions such as corrosion, strains due to temperature changes, settle-
ment, vibrations, and superimposed loads.
19.4.12 Water Supply Control: An approved shut-off valve shall be install-
ed in the water-service pipe on the property side of the meter and protected by
an approved enclosure with a removable cover.
19.4.13 Provision for Draining System: All water piping in pier and beam
construction shall be installed as illustrated.
Y . Cr.- 0'_
Hose Faucet ~-'r_ c
. - , I
Dra1n 1"1 !...,......,~. . t,-,; 'ill'
,- - ^",.,\
- f f' -, , '\
- Riser
1(/,/1
5:
Figure 5
19.4.14 Insulation: Riser to be insulated with approved type insulation
trom below frost line to bottom of top 900 ell.
19.5 WATER HEATERS
19.5.1 Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve: All water heaters shall be
protected with a combination temperature and pressure relief valve installed in
the hot water outlet side of the tank. The temperature sensing element shall
be immersed in the water within the upper 6 inches of the storage tank.
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19.5.2 Relief Valve Discharge: The discharge pipe from the temperature
and pressure relief valve shall be the same size as the discharge outlet of the
valve and shall continue undiminished in size to its termination. This pipe
shall be installed to a grade that will allow the entire line to be drained and
shall extend to the outside of the building approximately 12 inches above ground.
Any deviation from this provision must be approved by the Plumbing Inspector.
19.5.3 Approvals: Temperature and pressure relief valves which have been
tested and approved by, or meet the specification requirements of the American
Gas Association, the Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc., or other recognized ap-
proval authorities, shall be considered acceptable.
19.5.4 Pressure Marking of Storage Tank: Any storage tank hereafter in-
stalled for domestic hot water shall have clearly and indelibly stamped in the
the metal, or so marked upon a plate welded thereto, or otherwise permanently
attached, the maximum allowable working pressure. Such markings shall be in
accessible position outside of the tank so as to make inspection or re-inspection
readily possible. All storage tanks for domestic hot water shall meet the ap-
plicable ASME standards.
CHAPTER 20
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
20.1 GENERAL
20.1.1. Materials: Pipe, tubing and fittings for drainage systems shall
comply with the provisions of Chapter 12 of this Code. Above ground piping with-
in buildings and piping in raceways or tunnels shall be of cast iron, galvaniz-
ed open-hearth iron, lead, brass, copper pipe, hard copper tube, or Type PVC or
type ABS plastic pipe. All materials must conform to the requirements of the
Materials and Use Table on Page 27 and the several applicable standards listed
on pages 28 thru 31. All plastic pipe shall be installed in strict accordance
with instructions contained in CS 270-65, for ABS, and CS272-65 for PVC and/or
the manufacturer's specifications.
20.1.2 Underground Piping Within Buildings: All such p1p1ng shall be cast-
iron soil pipe, type DWV, or better, copper, PVC or ABS plastic, conforming to
requirements of 20.1.1.
20.1.3 Fittings: Fittings on the drainage system shall conform to the
type of piping used. Fittings on screwed pipe shall be of the recessed drainage
type.
20.1.4 Alignment and Grade: Horizontal drainage pipe shall be run in
practical alignment at a uniform grade.
20.2 BUILDING SEWER
20.2.1 Separate Trenches: The building sewer shall be installed in a separate
trench from the water-service pipe, except as permitted in paragraph 19.4.11 and
shall be cast-iron sewer pipe, vitrified-clay sewer pipe, bituminized-fiber sewer
pipe, asbestos-cement sewer pipe, plastic sewer pipe or type DWV, or better, copper
tube. Joints shall be watertight and rootproof.
-47-
20.2.2 One Trench: The building sewer, when installed in the same trench
with the water-service pipe, as permitted in paragraph 19.4.11, shall be con-
structed of durable materials which are corrosion-resistant and shall be so in-
stalled as to remain watertight and root-proof. The building sewer shall be
tested with a 10-foot head of water or equivalent and found to be tight.
20.2.3 Bituminized-Fiber Pipe: When bituminized-fiber pipe is used, it
shall be installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
20.2.4 Plastic Pipe: Use of plastic pipe shall be limited to that speci-
fied in Materials and Use Table on page 27 and shall conform to and be install-
ed as required by the applicable standards listed on pages 28 through 31.
20.2.5 Filled or Unstable Ground: A building sewer or building drain in-
stalled in filled or unstable ground shall be of cast-iron pipe, except that
non-metallic drains may be laid upon an approved concrete pad if in separate
trench.
20.2.6 Depth of Building Sewer: Building sewers must be installed with a
minimum of 12 inches of cover. Where conditions prohibit the required amount
of cover, cast-iron soil pipe with caulked or approved mechanical joints must
be used.
20.3 DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION
20.3.1 Uniform Grade: Horizontal drainage piping shall be installed at a
uniform slope or grade as follows:
A. Small Piping: Horizontal drainage p1p1ng of 3-inch diameter
and less shall be installed with a fall of not less than 1/4
inches per foot.
B. Large Piping: Horizontal drainage p1p1ng larger than 3-inch
diameter shall be installed with a fall of not less than 1/8
inch per foot.
c. Minimum Velocity: Where conditions do not permit building drains
and sewers to be laid with a fall as great as that specified, then
a lesser slope may be permitted provided the computed velocity
will not be less than 2 feet per second.
20.4 FIXTURE UNIT VALUES
20.4.1 Use of Fixture Unit Value: Fixture unit values as given in Para-
graph 20.4.2 designate the relative load factor of different kinds of fixtures
which shall be employed in estimating the total load carried by a soil or waste
pipe and shall be used in connection with the tables of sizes for soil, waste,
and drain pipes for which the permissible load is given in terms of fixture
units.
-48-
20.4.2 Table of Fixture Unit Value:
Fixture Type
1 Bathroom group consisting
of water closet, lavatory,
and bathtub or shower stall
Bathtub*(l) (with or without
overhead shower)............
Bathtub *(1)..................
Bide t. . . . . . . . . . . It . . It . . . . . . . . . .
Combination sink and tray.....
Combination sink-and-tray with
food disposal unit..........
Dental unit or cuspidor.......
Dental lavatory...............
Drinking fountain.............
Dishwasher, *(2) domestic.....
Floor drains *(3).............
Kitchen sink, domestic........
Kitchen sink, domestic, with
food-disposal unit..........
Lavatory *(4).................
Lavatory..................... .
Lavatory, barber, beauty
parlor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It It It It . . It
Lavatory, surgeon IS. . . . . . . . . . .
Laundry tray (lor 2 compart-
men t s) It . . It . It It It It It It . It . . . . It It . . It
Shower stall, domestic........
Showers (group) per head......
Sinks
Sur geon ' s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flushing rim (with valve)...
Service (trap standard).....
Service (P trap)
Pot, scullery, etc. *(2)....
Urinal, pedestal, syphon
jet, blowout................
Urinal, wall lip..............
Urinal stall, washout.........
Urinal trough *(2) (each 2-foot
s ec tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wash sink *(2) (circular or
multiple, each set of
f auce ts It . . . . . It . It . . It . . It It It It . It It
Water closet:
Tank operated...............
Valve-operated..............
Fixture-unit Value
As Load Factor
(Tank water
closet.........6
(Flush-val ve
water closet...8
4
1/2
1
1/2
2
1
2
3
8
3
2
4
-49-
'YOLm7:E ~PLGE /01
Minimum Size of
Trap (Inches)
2
3
3
3
1-1/2
2
Nominal 1-1/2
1-1/2
Separate
traps 1-1/2
1-1/4
1-1/4
1
1-1/2
2
1-1/2
1-1/2
Small PO 1-1/4
Large PO 1-1/2
1-1/2
1-1/2
1-1/2
2
1-1/2
3
3
2
1-1/2
Nominal 3
1-1/2
2
1-1/2
Nominal 1-1/2
Nominal 3
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
8
4
4
2
2
4
8
*(1) A shower head over a bathtub does not increase the fixture value.
*(2) See Paragraph 20.4.3 for method of computing unit value of fixtures
not listed in Table 20.4.2 or for rating of devices with intermittent
flows.
*(3) Size of floor drain shall be determined by the area of surface water
to be drained.
*(4) Lavatories with 1-1/4 or 1-1/2 inch traps have the same load value;
large P.O. plugs have greater flow rate.
20.4.3 Fixtures Not Listed in Paragraph 20.4.2: Fixtures not listed in
Paragraph 20.4.2 shall be estimated as follows:
Fixture Drain
or Trap Size
Fixture
Unit Value
Fixture Drain
or Trap Size
Fixture
Unit Value
1-1/4 inches and smaller.... 1
1-1/2 inches................ 2
2 inches................ 3
2-1/2 inches.......... 4
3 inches.......... 5
4 in c he s . . . . . . . . . . 6
20.5 DETERMINATION OF SIZES FOR THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
20.5.1 Maximum Fixture-Unit Load: The ~lliximum number of fixture-unit
units that may be connected to a given size of building sewer, building drain,
horizontal branch, or vertical soil or waste stack is given in Paragraph 20.5.2
and 20.5.5.
20.5.2 Table of Building Drains and Sewers: Maximum number of fixture-
units that may be connected to any portion *(1) of the building drain or the
building sewer:
Diameter of Pipe (Inches)
Fall Per Foot
1/16 inch 1/8 inch 1/4 inch 1/2 inch
2.................................................... .2l
2 -1/2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 * (3) 27* (2)
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 216
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390 480
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 00 840
8.......... ... .............. ... ..1,400 1,600 1,920
10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 , 500 2,900 3, 500
12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3,900 4,800 5,600
20
31
36* (2)
250
575
1,000
2,300
4,200
6,700
*(1) Includes branches of the building drain.
*(2) Not over 2 water closets.
*(3) Water Closets not permitted.
-50-,
\,Uj'T' Tn_""~ fL- -,~,
1.,",,_-, ~.l'J";J '-,
- .-..';"
, I- P
--ILLL
20.5.3 Minimum Size of Soil and Waste Stacks: No soil or waste stack
shall be smaller than the largest horizontal branch connected thereto except
that a 4 X 3 W.e. connection shall not be considered as a reduction in pipe
size.
20.5.4 Minimum Size of Stack Vent or Vent Stack: Any structure in which
a building drain is installed shall have at least one vent stack carried full
size through the roof not less than 3 inches in diameter. Said stack to be
located in bath room most remote from building sewer.
20.5.5 Table of Horizontal Fixture Branches:
Diameter of
Pipe CInches)
Maximum Number of Fixtures
Units That Mav Be Connected
Up to 3 stories in height
Any horizontal *(1) fix-
ture branch
To:
Over 3-stories in height
Total at I-story or
branch interval
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
1
3
5*(3)
9*(3)
16 * (2)
120
300
5S0
1 , 200
2,500
3,900
1
2
4*(3)
7 * (3)
12*(2)
90
200
350
600
1,000
1,500
*(1)
* (2)
* (3)
Does not include branches of the building drain line.
Not over one water closet.
Water closets not permitted.
20.5.6
Stack Loading and Vent Requirements Table:
20.5.6a Stack and Vent Diameter Plus Length of Vent
(1 to 3 stories in height)
S tack Loading
Size of Soil
or Waste Line
(Inches)
Fixture
Units
Connected
1-1/4
* (1)
Diameter of Vent Required (Inches)
1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 6
Maximum Total Length of Vent (Feet)
8
2 10* (3) 30 75 200
3 30*(2) 60 200 500
4 240 30 190 250 900
5 540 30 70 300 900
6 960 24 100 250 1,000
S 2 , 2 00 30 80 350 1,100
lO 3,SOO 30 80 350
-51-
*(1) Twenty percent of the above total length may be installed in a
horizontal position.
*(2) Not more than 2 water closets may be installed on a three-inch line.
*(3) Water closets not permitted.
20.5.6b Stack and Vent Diameter Plus Length of Vent
(Over 3 stories in height)
Stack Loading
Size of Soil
or Waste Line
(Inches)
Fixture
Units
Connected
Diameter of Vent Required (Inches)
1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 6 8
*(1) Maximum Total Length of Vent (Feet)
10
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24*(3) 20 30 150
60*(2) 50 SO 400
500 20 70 180 700
1,100 20 50 200 700
1,900 20 70 200 700
3,600 25 60 250 SOO
5,600 25 60 250 500
S,400 25 60 250
General: Vent lines are to be no smaller than one pipe size less than the fixture
trap being served, and in no case less than one and one quarter (1-l/4)
inches. All water closet revents are to be no less than 2 inches in
size.
*(1) Twenty percent of the above total vent length may be installed in a
horizontal position.
*(2) Not more than 6 water closets may be installed on a 3-inch stack.
*(3) No water closets permitted.
CHAPTER 21
VENTS AND VENTING
21.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
21.1.1 Vent Pipe Material: Vent pipe material shall conform to the re-
quirements of Table 12.1.4 except that material shall be the same as that re-
quired for waste or soil pipe to a point not less than 6 inches above highest
fixture on the stack. Acid vent pipe material shall be the same as that requir-
ed for acid waste and the acid vent system shall not connect to sanitary vent
system but shall extend separately through the roof.
21.1.2 Under~round: Vent piping placed underground shall be cast iron,
harp copper tube or plastic pipe, Type ABS or PVC. All materials to conform to
the requ~rements of the applicable standards listed on pages 28 through 31. All
plastic pipe to be installed in accordance with the instructions in CS 270-65
for ABS and CS 272-65 for PVC.
-52-
VOLUME ~
~FAGE /10
~
21.1.3 Main Stack: Every building in which plumbing is installed shall
have at least one main stack, which shall run undiminished in size or 3 inches,
whichever is the lesser, and as directly as possible, from the building drain
through to the open air above the roof.
21.1.4 Vent Terminals: Extensions of vent pipes through a roof shall be
terminated at least 10 inches above it except that where a roof is to be used
for any purpose other than weather protection, the vent extension shall be run
at least 6 feet above the roof, and shall be anchored to the construction in a
manner approved as safe by the Inspector.
21.1.5 Location of Vent Terminal: No vent terminal from a drainage system
shall be directly beneath any door, window, or other ventilating opening of the
building or of an adjacent building nor shall any such vent terminal be within
10 feet horizontally of such an opening unless it is at least 2 feet above the
top of such opening.
21.1.6 Flashings:
watertight by the use of
copper.
Joints at the roof around vent pipes shall be made
flashings. Such flashings shall be made of lead or
21.1.7 Flag Poling: Vent terminals shall not be used for the purpose of
flag poling, T.V. aerials, or similar purposes.
21.1.8 Vent Grades and Connections: All vent and branch vent pipes shall
be so graded and connected as to drip back to the soil or waste pipe by gravity.
21.1.9 Vertical Rise: Where vent pipes connect to a horizontal soil or
waste pipe, the vent shall be taken off above the center line of the soil pipe,
and the vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at ~n angle not more than 45 degrees
from the vertical, to a point at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of
the fixture it is venting before offsetting horizontally or before connecting to
the branch vent. Exceptions to this provision are floor drains and "P" traps
installed under floors.
21.1.10 Height Above Fixtures: A connection between a vent pipe and a vent
stack or stack vent shall be made at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of
the highest fixture served by the vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming branch
vents, relief vents, or loop vents shall be at least 6 inches above the flood-
level rim of the highest fixture served. Island sinks where traps are to be
inaccessible may be installed with 2-inch, deep-seal P-traps below floor and
vented with 2-inch pipe to wall with cleanout.
21.1.11 Bar and Soda Fountain Sink Wastes: Where the location andlor con-
struction of bars, soda fountains or counters make the venting of the sink traps
unfeasible, sinks shall waste into a floor sink or drain that is properly trapp-
ed and vented.
21.1.12 Fixtures Back-to-Back: Two fixtures set back-to-back, within the
distance allowed between a trap and its vent, may be served with one continuous
vent pipe, provided that each fixture wastes separately into an approved double-
fitting having inlet openings at the same level. (See Paragraph 21.6.3) While
Paragraph 21.6.3 states "fixtures set back-to-back," fixtures set side-by-side
also come under its provision.
-53-
21.1.13 Trap Seal Protection: The plumbing system shall be provided with
a system of vent piping which will permit the admission or emission of air so
that under normal and intended use the seal of any fixture trap shall not be sub-
jected to a pressure differential of more than 1 inch of water.
21.1.14 Trap Dip: The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except
for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the weir of the trap.
21.1.15 Crown Vent Prohibited: No crown vent shall be used nor shall
any vent connection be made within 2 pipe diameters of the trap weir.
21.1.16 Determining Length of Vent Stacks: The length of the vent stack
or main vent shall be its developed length from the lowest connection of the
vent system with the soil stack, waste stack or building drain to the vent stack
terminal, if it terminates separately in the open air, or to the connection of
the vent stack with the stack vent, plus the developed length of the stack vent
from the connection to the terminal in the open air, if the two vents are con-
nected together with a single extension to the open air and shall comply with
requirements of Table 21.6.5.
21.2 FIXTURE TRAP VENTS
21.2.1 Distance of Trap From Vent: Each fixture trap shall have a pro-
tecting vent so located that the slope and the developed length of the fixture
drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting are within the limitations set
forth in Paragraph 21.2.2, except that water closets, and similar fixtures,
shall not be more than 5'-0" developed length, measured from the top of the
floor flange to the inner edge of the vent. See Figure C below.
21.2.2 Distance of Fixture Trap From Vent Table:
Size of Fixture
Drain (Inches)
~
___~~~~~~~~_!E~E_~~_Y~~~____
Inches Max. Slope per Foot
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
3
4
2
3
5
6
10
6
6
o
o
o
1/ 4"
1/4"
1/4"
1/4"
1/4"
21.203 Hvdraulic Gradient and Developed Length: Figure A, below, illus-
trates both the hydraulic gradient principle and the method of measuring dis-
tance from trap to vent. A fixture drain which slopes more than one pipe dia-
meter between the vent opening and the trap weir has a greater tendency to self-
siphon the trap seal than a fixture drain installed at a slope of not more than
one pipe diameter.
Figure B, below, illustrates how to measure the developed length of a drain
from the weir of a fixture trap to a vent opening, including an offset. This
developed length should not exceed the developed lengths shown in Paragraph 21.2.2.
Figure C, below, shows typical rough-in for water closet. Distance from
fixture outlet A, to L of bend not to exceed 24 inches. Developed length from
A to stack B, or vented line, not to exceed 60 inches.
-54-
oF' ", '-;r
" ~''''''~'';d;' ,-",. r._.. //;
--~_Lj~_~.-~!; //;
-~
- !
One Pip. Db_ter.
I
Hydraulic Gradient
Figure A
Figure B
A
~I~
Filwre C
21.3 COMMON VENT DEFINED
21.3.1 This is a vent connecting at the junction of two fixture drains and
servicing as a vent for both fixtures. An individual vent installed vertically
may be converted to a common vent for two fixture traps when both fixture drains
connect with a vertical drain at the same level.
Fixture
I
I
I
, Fixture
T
I
I
I
'<
I
I
I Fixture
F1xtu~
Dotted lines
represent
common vents
I
I
I
V Fixtures ~ Fixtures
V ~I-U
-55-
21.4 WET VENTING AND STACK VENTING
21.4.1 Single Bathroom Groups: A single bathroom group of fixtures may be
installed with the drain from a back-vented lavatory, kitchen sink, or combina-
tion fixture serving as a wet vent for a bathtub or shower stall and for the
water closet, provided:
Ao Not more than 4 fixture units drain into a 2-inch diameter wet vent.
B. The horizontal branch connects to the stack at the same level as
the water closet drain, or below the water closet drain when in-
stalled on the top floor. It may also connect to the water closet
bend. See diagram below, and diagrams on pages 57, 58, and 59.
21.4.2 Examples Showing Approved Wet Vent Installations:
3" Stack Vent
I~
I ....,
.t- - - t 2" Branch Vent
.r I~
i : Tub ~ Shower
I
I
\A- 3" Stack Vent
I
I
I
r
I
3" -+-
I
I
I
-
2" Branch Vent
/ _A;f
~f- -t:f - I
I I
, l~" I
Lav. It":....- ~~
+ \ Sink
~ 2" Jr- l~"
~ ~
.-~ ~211 Tub
or Shower
Stack
2"
Soil Stack
-56-
,......'.. Stack Vent
I
I
I
rt-1%"
I
I
J
...v It"
~
.. Seo Shck
VVJ..,L;l.),E~PAGE II~
3"
,........... 3" Stack Vent
I 2" Branch Vent
: [~--'1'
L _--, I
r..... I I
t I I
I I I
3" I Lav. l-k"1 I
-+, ~ I
I
I
I
I
I
Tub or
Shower
Sink with Dis-
posal l~"
;/'
Soil Stack
I
I~ 3" Ie 3"
I Stack Vent I Stack Vent
I f
I I
I I
I I
I l~"
La v . 1 ~" I
~ 2"
3" San. Tee with 2"
3" San. Tee with side inlet
3"
S.U 2" side inlet
3" Soil Stack _" _d
I
I+- 3" Stack Vent
I
I
k''''1~2''
t
I l Sink with Disposal
~~ 1\"
or Shower 2"
with 2"
-57-
21.4.4 Wet Venting and Stack Venting Limitation: A drawing of any wet
vented or stack vented installation which differs from the examples shown in
Paragraph 21.4.2 and Paragraph 21.4.3 shall be submitted to the Inspector for
review and approval prior to installation.
21.4.5 Multi-Story Bathroom Groups: On the lower floors of a multi-story
building, the waste pipe from 1 or 2 lavatories may be used as a wet vent for
1 or 2 bathtubs or showers provided that:
A. The wet vent and its extension to the vent stack is 2 inches in
diameter. See Paragraph 21.4.6.
B. Each water closet below the top floor is individually back vented.
e. The vent stack is sized as given in Paragraph 21.4.7 below.
21.4.6 Multi-Story Wet Venting:
v.c.
latb
T\ab
Through Roof
or Connect to ~
Main Stack ~f
~
2"
I:- ~ '\, ,- -'
"-
3"
"k/
2" ~
NOTE: This arrangement may
be continued to any number of
floors provided all w.e.s be-
low top floors are revented as
shown on first floor, all lavs.
are vented as shown on second
floor, and pipes are sized in
accordance with requirements
of Tables 20.5.2, 20.5.6a and
20.5.6b.
~
3" . /:.<' '-,
--..... r ~II ,
,!/' 3"x3"x3" San. Tee with
/"
, double 2" side openings
Lav.
~
Tub y 2"
)YrY
/../
~
Typical Bathroom Plan
w.e. ~~
Revent-llz"
--.........
2"
~
ELEVATION
Typical Two-Story Wet Venting
-58-
I \........L..
'"', -f
~--"':,
//3
---
3"-
/
3"
k"
<
I
At:" 2" (l~" Copper)
W.C. (Wet vented
~ by Lav.)
All Connections be-
tween vents must be at
least 6 inches above highest
fixture on either stack.
l~" _)0
r;:
1 ~"
, ...--
Lavatory
3"x 3"x 2" side inlet
W.C. (Wet vented
by Lav.)
.4-2" (l~" Copper)
3"
/____ Tub
or Shower
Brought to Ac-
cessible location
~)I
TYPICAL TWO-STORY WET VENTING
-59-
Lav.
3"
Branch or revent shall connect
to main vent at least 6 inches
above flood-level rim of top
fixture
~
W.c. ~
/ Tub or Sbower
Tub and W.C. connect /'
to stack at same level.
Both wet vented by
Lavatory
..-- 2"
3" .>
This line MUS t
be s bed in ac-
cordance with pro-
visions of Table
20.5.2.
3 x 2 Reducer
Lav.
~~
w.e. ~l
Shower
This line may be 3" if
no more than two W. C. was te
into it and the total num-
ber of fixture units do
not exceed provisions
of 20.5.2.
TYPICAL TWO-STORY STACK VENTING
-60-
3" -....
3" -- ~
Lav.
~K
Lav~
(Wet vented by
W.C. minor fixtures)
"lK
i
3" ~'
2"
...--
Tub or
Shower
~~
2 Reducer
~Lav.
Lav. ~I 3"
----). ,'"',.
I
~i I (Wet vented by
"~: w.e. minor fixtures)
2" ~ ~
~3" ll.."
Thia 1 ine ex- 4" '2 -..
tends to receive t...... At:'"
was te from two 3" ~ Tub or
tubs or showers. ~~Show.er
These to be roughed ~
similar to two shown.
.~
TYPICAL TWO-STORY
21'-~
BACK-TO-BACK BATH INSTALLATION
.
-61-
~ ilL
YOVn."" jj -." ,~.,." j' ,
VltlJ....:..!~___~...!:.t~:,J..!.J "j
2"
~
All branch or
~ revents to con-
nect to main vent
at least 6 inches
above flood-level
rim of highest fix-
ture.
~ l~"
!~ 2"
21.4.7 Size of Vent Stacks:
Diameter of Vent Stacks
Number of Wet-Vented Fixtures (Inches)
1 or 2 bathtubs or showers 2
3 to 5 bathtubs or showers 2-1/2
6 to 9 bathtubs or showers 3
10 to 16 bathtubs or showers 4
21.4.8 Exception: In multi-story bathroom groups, wet-vented in accordance
with Paragraph 21.4.5, the water closets below the top floor need not be indivi-
dually vented if the 2-inch waste connects directly into the water closet bend
at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal portion of the bend in the direction of
flow. See Paragraph 21.4.6.
21.5 INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE REVENTING
21.5.1 Horizontal Branches: One sink and 1 lavatory, or 3 lavatories
within 8 feet developed length of a main-vented line, may be installed on a
2-inch horizontal waste branch without reventing, provided the branch is not
less than 2 inches in diameter throughout its length; and provided that the
wastes are connected into the side of the branch, and the branch leads to its
stack connection with a slope of not more than l/4-inch per foot.
21.5.2 Limits of Fixture-Units Above Bathtubs and Water Closets: A fix-
ture or combination of fixtures whose total discharge rating is not more than
3 fixture-units may discharge into a stack not less than 3 inches in diameter
without reventing, providing such fixture connections are made above the con-
nections to the highest water closet, or bathtub, the fixture-unit rating of
the stack is not otherwise exceeded, and their waste piping is installed as
otherwise required in Paragraph 21.2.2.
21.6 CIRCUIT AND LOOP VENTING
2l.6.1 Battery Venting: A branch soil or waste pipe to which two but not
more than six floor mounted water closets are connected in battery into the
side of a horizontal branch may be vented by a circuit or loop vent which shall
take off in front of the last fixture connection. In addition, lower floor
branches serving more than 3 water closets shall be provided with a relief vent
taken off in front of the first fixture connection. When lavatories or other
similar fixtures discharge above such branches, each vertical branch shall be
provided with a continuous vent. All blowout type fixtures shall be individually
vented.
21.6.2 Vent Connections: When the circuit, loop, or relief vent connec-
tions are taken off the horizontal branch, the vent branch connection shall be
taken off at a vertical angle or from the top of the horizontal branch.
21.6.3 Fixtures Back-to-Back in Battery: When fixtures are connected to
one horizontal branch through a double Y or a sanitary cross in a vertical posi-
tion, a common vent for each two fixtures back-to-back or double connection .
shall be provided. The common vent shall be installed in a vertical position
as a continuation of the double connection. See Paragraph 21.3.1.
-62-
VOLUME JJ PAGE' /13~
21.6.4 Pipe Sizes for Circuit or Loop Vent Systems:
Diameter of Circuit or Loop
Vent (Inches)
Horizontal Soil
or Waste PiPe
Diameter (Inches)
Fixture Units
(Maximum No.)
2-1/2 3 4 5
Maximum Horizontal Length
(Fee t)
4
4
5
6
100
200
300
5S0
20
18
52
50
12
10
200
180
50
40
180
140
21.6.5 Size and Length of Vents:
Size of Soil Fixture
Or Waste Units
Stack (Inches) Connected
Diameter of Vent Required (Inches)
1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 6
8
Maximum Length of Vent (Feet)
2 12 30 75 200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 20 26 50 150. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-1/2 42 30 100 300. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 10 30 100 200 600. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 30 60 200 500. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 60 50 SO 400. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 100 35 100 260 1000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 200 30 90 250 900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 500 20 70 ISO 700. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 200 35 SO 350 1 000. . . . . . . . . .
5 500 30 70 300 900. . . . . . . . . .
5 1,100 20 50 200 700..........
6 350 25 50 200 400 1300.. ...
6 620 15 30 125 300 1100.... .
6 960 24 100 250 1000.....
6 1,900 20 70 200 700. . . . .
S 600 50 150 500 1300
8 1,400 40 100 400 1200
8 2,200 30 SO 350 1100
8 3,600 25 60 250 800
10 1,000 75 125 1000
10 2,500 50 100 500
10 3,SOO 30 SO 350
10 5,600 01:; c'J 250
Lj
-63-
CHAPTER 22
NATURAL GAS PLUMBING*
22.1 TESTING AND INSPECTION
22.1.1 Testing Procedure: Testing and inspection shall comply with pro-
visions of Chapter 9.3.
22.2 GENERAL REGULATIONS
22.2.1 New Material Required: All pipe used for the installation, exten-
sion, alteration, or repair of any gas piping shall be new, standard-weight
wrought iron, Black Steel, galvanized steel, copper or plastic, free from splits,
internal obstructions or other defects. Burred ends shall be reamed to the full
bore of the pipe. All fittings shall conform to the type of pipe used. All
materials shall meet the requirements of the applicable Standards as listed in
12.1.5, Materials Standards, or the Standards listed in this Chapter.
22.2.2 Outside Gas Lights: Type "K" or "L" copper or Polyethelene tubing
may be used for underground piping to outdoor appliances such as gas lights,
gas grills, incinerators, etc. Polyethelene tubing shall be manufactured in
accordance with requirements for PE 3306 tubing in Specifications for Plastic
Gas Pressure Tubing, Pipe and Fittings. ASTM Designation D-25l3-66T.
The Polyethelene extrusion compound from which the tubing is made shall
meet the requirements of Type III, Grade 3, as described in ASTM D-1248-60T,
Specifications for Polyethelene Molding and Extrusion Compounds which are re-
ferred to in C.S. 255-63.
The tubing shall be homogeneous throughout and free of visible cracks,
holes, foreign inclusions or other defects. It shall also be uniform in color,
opacity, density and other physical properties. This material shall be connect-
ed together by use of flared fittings and screwed connections and be installed
in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
22.2.3 Underground Service Lines: Service lines underground shall be
type "K" or "L" copper, standard weight wrought iron, galvanized steel, black
steel protected against soil corrosion with an approved type protective coating,
or polyethelene pipe, tubes and fittings conforming to A.S.T.M. D-2513-57 and
C.S. 255-63, and shall be installed according to manufacturer's recommendations.
22.2.4 Welded Joints: Welded joints may be used wherever practical in
such cases of industrial and comm~rcial installations where piping of 2-inches
and larger is specified. All welding shall be performed by a "Certified Welder"
with a current rating in force.
*The prov1s10ns of this Chapter apply only to installations served by natural
gas. Where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used this Chapter should be dis-
regarded and such liquefied petroleum gas installations shall be made in ac-
cordance with the regulations of Articles 60-52-2 and 6053, Revised Civil Sta-
tutes of Texas, 1925 (As Amended 1951).
-64-
\..,!..",~
d~'_i
22.2.5 Approved Stop and Hose Cocks: All stop cocks and hose cocks used
in connection with gas house piping shall be of a type designed and approved
for use with natural gas. Fittings 3 inches and smaller shall be of galvanized
malleable iron but cast-iron fittings ITlay be used in sizes above 3 inches.
22.2.6 Bushings: Bushings shall not be used on concealed work. On ex-
posed work reducing couplings are to be preferred to bushings. When bushings
must be used, they should reduce no less than two pipe sizes.
22.2.7 Concealed Piping: Unions, gland or compression-type joints, run-
ning threads, and right and left couplings shall not be used on concealed gas
piping. When necessary to insert fittings in existing piping which has been
installed in a concealed l.ocation, the piping may be re-connected by the use of
a ground joint union with the nut "Center punched" to prevent loosening by
vibration.
22.2.8 Insulated Connections: All connections between ferrous and non-
ferrous piping, except appliance connections, shall be made by the use of die-
lectric couplings or unions.
22.2.9 Pipe Supports: All house p1p1ng shall be securely fastened to
floor joists or sills with either galvanized pipe straps or pipe hooks, or with
perforated pipe straps, and in such a manner as to prevent pipe from sagging
and becoming trapped. The following maximum spacing of supports shall be used:
1/2 inch pipe
3/4 inch or 1 inch pipe
1-1/4 inch or larger pipe (horizontal)
1-1/4 inch or larger pipe (vertical)
6 feet
8 feet
10 feet
each floor
22.2.10 Proximity to Electric Wire: No gas pipe shall be run closer than
six inches to any electric wire unless such electric wire be inside a conduit.
22.2.11 Branch and Extension Piping: Gas must not be supplied from a small-
er pipe to a larger one. All branch outlet pipes shall be taken from top or
sides of main supply lines and never from below.
22.2.12 Underground Pipe and Other Concealed Locations: No gas piping
shall be built into or embedded in any brick, stone, masonry, or concrete and
no such piping shall be installed in or on the ground under any building or
structure and all exposed gas piping shall be kept at least 6 inches above grade,
except as set forth in Paragraph 22.2.13, 22.2.l6A and 22.2.16B.
22.2.13 Underground House Pipe: When it is necessary that a house pipe
be laid underground, the underground portion including joints and risers shall
be protected against soil corrosion with an approved type protective coating
and shall be drained to an accessible and suitable drip.
22.2.14 Accessibility of Concealed Piping: Gas piping shall not be run
in floor, or through heating, cooling, or ventilating ducts, elevator shafts,
furnaces, refrigerating rooms, drying ovens or in any place where proper venti-
lation cannot be continuously provided.
-65-
22.2.15 Ditch for Gas Pipe: Gas piping shall not be run in the same ditch
with water, sewer, or any other utility line. A lateral clearance of not less
than 2 feet shall be maintained. Gas piping shall not be located in cinder fill.
22.2.16 Gas Piping in Floors: Where the Plumbing Inspector determines that
there is no way to avoid the installation of piping in solid floors, then one of
the following methods of installation, when approved by the Plumbing Inspector,
shall be followed:
A. House piping may be installed in a casing of iron pipe with tightly
sealed ends and joints. The casing shall extend at least 2 inches
beyond the point where the pipe emerges from the floor. Where re-
quired, the casing shall be vented to the outside atmosphere andl
or coated as specified in Paragraph 22.2.13.
B. House piping may be installed in a channel in the floor. Such
channel is to be suitably covered so as to permit ready access
to the piping and prevent the entrance of corrosive materials,
or it may be filled with some noncorrosive material which can be
removed with a minimum of damage to the floor.
c. Paragraphs 22.2.16A and 22.2.16B apply to gas pipe in solid
floors, walls or ceilings. Gas pipe in stud walls, ceilings or
floors of joist construction need not have any protective cover-
ing.
22.2.17 Joint Compound: White lead or other suitable joint compounds
shall be used sparingly and applied only to the male threads in making up joints
on gas house piping.
22.2.18 Three-Way Valves: Three-way valves shall not be permitted.
22.2.19 Defective Pipes or Fittings: Repair of split or faulty pipe or
fittings shall not be allowed.
22.3 PIPE SIZE FOR GAS SYSTEM
22.3.1 Table 1 - Maximum Length of Pipe in Feet:
Number of 1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2
1/2 inch inch inch 1 inch inch inch
Openings ~ ~ pipe pipe pipe
1 27 50 :0 100 150
2 50 70 100 150
3 24 70 100 150
4 50 100 150
5 35 100 150
6 60 150
8 45 120
10 65
13 42
15
18
-66-
---_.__..___'____'m_____._,..__----_._~.~_.__.._._"....
2-1/2
2 in c h inch 3 inch
pipe pipe pipe
200 300 400
200 300 400
200 300 400
200 300 400
200 300 400
200 300 400
200 300 400
200 300 400
175 300 400
120 300 400
90 270 400
"
-,-------
Jj. 111-
. .. r' ...-- ...,.... ,. .rt "'!'"""f;
VUJ..."rd""~~__~'.'~j}:' (-1
22.3.1 Table 1 - Maximum Length of Pipe in Feet: (Continued)
Number of 1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2 2-1/2
1/2 inch inch inch 1 inch inch inch 2 inch inch 3 inch
Openings ~ ~ pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe
20 70 210 400
23 55 165 400
25 45 135 330
30 80 200
35 60 1.50
40 50 125
50 80
65 50
75 35
22.3.2 Sizing Pipe Systems - For Known Demand: In cases where the demand
in cubic feet per hour of the various appliances are known, Table 2, below, sha 11
be used for determining the size of house piping required.
22.3.3 Table 2 - Minimum Size Where the Demand and Maximum Length are
Known .
Length Diameter of Pipe in Inches
of Pipe 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 3 4 6 8
In Feet Demand in Cubic Feet per Hour
15 76 172 345 750 1200 2480 6500 13 880 38700 79000
30 55 120 241 535 850 1780 4700 9700 27370 55850
45 44 99 199 435 700 1475 3900 7900 23350 45600
60 38 86 173 380 610 1290 3450 6800 19330 39500
75 77 155 345 545 1120 3000 6000 17310 35300
90 70 141 310 490 1000 2700 5500 15800 32250
105 65 131 285 450 920 2450 5100 14620 29850
120 120 270 420 860 2300 4800 13 680 27920
150 109 242 380 780 2090 4350 12240 25000
180 100 225 350 720 1950 4000 11160 22800
210 92 205 320 660 1780 3700 10330 21100
240 190 300 620 1680 3490 9600 19740
270 178 285 580 1580 3250' 9000 18610
300 170 270 545 1490 3000 8500 17660
450 140 226 450 1230 2500 7000 14420
600 119 192 390 1030 2130 6000 12480
22.3.4 Sizing Pipe Systems for Unknown Demand: In cases where the rating
is not known, the capacity given in the following table may be used. Such
demand shall be determined in cubic feet per hour by dividing the manufacturer's
BTU input rating of the appliance by 1,000.
-67-
22.3.5 Table 3 - Approximate Maximum Gas Consumption for Some Common Appliances
Appliance
Range, domestic, 4 top burners & 1 oven burner
Range, domestic, 4 top burners & 2 oven burners
Range, domestic, 6 top burners & 2 oven burners
Hot Plate or laundry stove, domestic, per burner
Room heater, domestic, radiant type, per single radiant
Room heater, domestic, radiant type, per double radiant
Water heater, automatic instantaneous:
Capacity: 4 gal. per minute
6 gal. per minute
8 gal. per minute
Water heater, domestic, circulation or side arm
Refrigerator
Input BTU per
Hr. (Approx.)
62,500
82,500
107,500
9,000
2,000
4,000
150,000
225,000
300,000
25,000
2,500
For automatic storage water heaters and other appliances,
the input should be determined from the manufacturer's rating.
22.4 STOVES AND OTHER APPLIANCES
22.4.1 Prohibited Location of Water Heater: No water heater which depends
on the combustion of natural gas for heat shall be installed in any room used or
designed to be used for sleeping purposes, bathroom, clothes closet, or in any
closet or other confined space opening into any bath or bedroom., (For exceptions
see Paragraph 22.8.1.)
22.4.2 Location of Appliance Stops: Each and every gas stove, range,
cooking stove, water heater, and other gas consuming appliance shall be provid-
ed with a lever handled stop cock located in the riser above the floor,and on
the upstream side of the union, at the appliance. Such stop cock shall be
readily accessible at all times.
22.4.3 Appliance Connections:
A. Gas connection to stoves, ranges, cook stoves, water heaters and
other appliances, shall be made by rigid metal connections, except
that American Gas Association approved flexible metal may be used
for connections for small portable heating appliances, provided
there is no cock on such portable heating appliance.
B. Non-portable appliances such as central heating, water heating,
and similar equipment shall be connected to the gas piping with
rigid pipe or by approved semi-rigid tubing not more than 2 feet
in length.
C. Hot plates, clothes dryers, room heaters, refrigerators, domestic
gas ranges, and similar equipment, shall be connected to the gas
piping with rigid pipe, approved semi-rigid tubing or approved
appliance connectors of flexible metal tubing and fittings. When
a semi-rigid tubing connection or a connector of flexible metal
tubing and fittings is used, it shall connect to an outlet in the
same room as the appliance. The length of the connector shall not
exceed 6 feet. The connector shall be installed so as to be pro-
tected against physical damage.
-68-
VOL0!\1~ ]T PAGE /11
22.4.4 Prohibited Connections: The connection of an appliance with any
type of gas hose is prohibited, except when used with lavatory, shop, or iron-
ing equipment that requires mobility during operation. Such connections shall
have the shut-off or stop-cock installed at the connection to the building pip-
ing. Where gas hose is used, it shall be of the minimum practical length, but
not to exceed 6 feet and shall not extend from one room to another nor pass
through any walls, partitions, ceilings, or floors. Under no circumstances
shall gas hose be concealed from view or used in a concealed location. Only
listed gas hose shall be used. Listed gas hose shall be used only in accor-
dance with the terms of its listing. Gas hose shall not be used where it is
likely to be subject to excessive temperature (above 1250 F.).
22.4.5 Canopies and Vents in Hotels, Restaurants. Etc.
A. Ranges, hot plates, etc. used in hotels, restaurants, and hamburger
stands where gas is used for fuel, must be provided with canopies
properly vented into brick, tile or metal flues extending to open
air at least 18 inches above the roof.
B. Vent pipes from canopies may connect with a chimney flue in attic
if flue is provided with an approved liner; or may extend through
the roof to open air at least 15 inches above the roof and termi-
nate with an approved cap.
c. Wood partitions through which vent pipes pass must be protected by
a thimble with a proper air space, except that no vent pipe shall
pass through any closet or pantry used for the storage of clothing,
household goods of any combustible material.
22.4.6 Draft Diverters Required: Water heaters and gas appliances having
pilot burners must be provided with down draft devices above the fixtures in
the vent, near the appliances.
22.4.7 Size of Vent and Flue Connections: Furnaces and water heaters must
be provided with vent and flue connections at least as large as the vent connec-
tion on the furnace or water heater and extend to open air at least 15 inches
above the roof and terminate with an approved cap.
22.5 LISTED APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES
22.5.1 Defining the Word "Listed": The word "listed" used in connection
with appliances and accessories throughout the present text refers to appliances
and accessories which are shown in a list published by an approved national re-
cognized testing agency", qualified and equipped for experimental testing, and
maintaining an adequate periodic inspection of current production of listed models
and whose listing states either that the appliance or accessory complies with
nationally recognized safety requirements or has been tested and found safe for
use in a specified manner.
*The American Gas Association, Inc. Laboratories and Underwriters' Labora-
tories, Inc. are such nationally recognized testing agencies.
-69-
22.5.2 Types of Gas: It shall be determined that the appliance has been
designed for use with the gas to which it will be connected. No attempts shall
be made to convert the appliance from the gas specified on the rating plate for
use with a different gas without consulting the local gas company or the manu-
facturer for complete instructions.
22.5.3 Permissible Temperatures on Combustible Materials: All gas appli-
ances and their flue or vent connectors shall be installed so that continued or
intermittent operation will not create a hazard to persons or property. They
shall not, during operation, raise the temperature of unprotected combustible
walls, partitions, floors, or ceilings more than 9~ F above normal room tem-
perature when measured with mercury thermometers or conventional bead type
thermocouples.
22.6 AIR FOR COMBUSTION
22.6.1 Ventilation Requirements: Appliances shall be installed in a loca-
tion in which the facilities for ventilation permit satisfactory combustion of
gas and proper venting under normal conditions of use. While all forms of build-
ing construction cannot be covered in detail, this requirement may usually be
met by application of one of the following methods in ordinary building construc-
tion.
Ao In buildings of conventional frame, brick, or stone construction
without enclosed appliance rooms, basement storm windows, or
tight stair doors, infiltration is normally adequate to provide
air for combustion and draft hood dilution.
B. Where appliances are installed in a confined space within a
building having adequate air infiltration, provisions shall be
made for supplying this space with air for combustion and ven-
tilation. This may be accomplished through use of two permanent
openings freely communicating with interior areas of adequate
infiltration or by compliance with provisions of Item C. Where
necessary, continuous ducts having cross-sectional areas equal
to the openings shall be utilized to communicate with the source
of air supply. The minimum dimension of rectangular air ducts
shall be not less than 3 inches.
C. Where appliances are installed in a confined space within a building
of unusually tight construction, air for combustion and ventilation
must be obtained from outdoors or from spaces freely communicating
with the outdoors. (Crawl space, attic, or open air.) Under these
conditions, there shall be two openings having a combined free area
of not less than one square inch per 1000 BTU per hour of input rat-
ing. One opening shall be near the top of the enclosure and one
near the bottom. These openings shall be of approximately equal
area and shall communicate with the selected source, or sources
of adequate air supply, by ducts. Ducts shall be continuous and of
the same cross-sectional area as the openings to which they connect.
The minimum dimensions of rectangular air ducts shall be not less
than 3 inches.
-70-
VC.TJ:,:.~
il
-, \
/0
~ (
22.7
PRESSURE REGULATORS
22.7.1 Ventin~ Requirements for Pressure Regulators: Gas appliance pres-
sure regulators requiring access to the atmosphere for successful operation shall
be equipped with a vent pipe leading into the combustion chamber adjacent to a
constantly burning pilot, unless constructed or equipped to limit the escape of
gas from the vent opening in the event of diaphraghm failure to not more than
1.0 cu. ft. per hr. of a 0.6 sp. -gr. gas at 7 inches water column pressure.
The vent terminal shall be located so that the escaping gas will be readily
ignited from the pilot flame and the heat liberated will not adversely affect
the operation of the thermal element. The terminus of the vent shall be se-
curely held in a fixed position relative to, and approximately 1/2 inch below,
the pilot flame.
Ventilating air outlel teg. Aue should terminate above peak 01 roof ana above
is..r for furnace room nearby wall, to onur. satisfactory flue perf.,.
1 sq. in. fr.. area for ,"onc.. In installation. wher. the Hue terMift" ..
.ach 1000 Btu per hour ~ below nearby wall. or roof peak., an eff.ctive .....,
furnac. input, locot.d cowl should be uNd..
obove r.lief opening of
draft hood, Rogi,.or mu.'
no' be blockod by dropo.
or other furnishings.
-':'
loth r.gist.r. mu.t
eith.r foc. sam.
largo woll ventilo'od
int.rior spac. or e..
t.nd to such .pace
by meanl of ducts
V.rtical di.tance &. 10
t. of registe" .hould
b. not Ie.. than 31/,
foo',
'No part 01 "'"'-
eaoin, ~ Ih... .
inehe. '0 wall.
.Spaeinl "0'-
draft haocI and ...
a. ..... 6 i........ .
lIu. pradue.. ...,
be diroctocl '-wanl
wall, 12 in" ....
in, r_lIl_nd....
Suo"e.t room ace...
door be no' 10.. .han 6
f.ot high by 0 width .ulli-
cient to provide for in.
stollation or removal of
furnace. At leolt 2 fe.t
horizontal cI.arance
.hould bo providod in
front of f"rnoce when
clo..t door i. open or
18 inch.. when door is
do.ed,'
Combustion and ...entilotion
air inl.t regist.r for furnace
room 1 Iq. in. fr.. area for
each 1000 lItu per hour lur.
noc. input, located at or be.
low combustion air inl.t to
furnac.. Regilt.r mUlt not be
blockod by dropo. or other
furnishinG'.
~r cireulatocl .., "'"'-
mu.1 b. hondl.d It,
duct. which .. .......
10 lurnae. eoolnl -'"'
are .ntirely I.~"."
IrOln __ "....... "-
.upplyin, eo....u.....
and vontiIalioll ow.
.\.Weu .,.,..,...
for a -.. --..
Figure 2
22.8 WATER HEATERS
22.8.1 Prohibited Installations: Water heaters shall not be installed in
bathrooms or bedrooms. However, listed water heaters of the automatic storage
type may be installed as a replacement in a bathroom, when specifically authori-
zed by the Plumbing Inspector, providing they are properly vented and are supplied
with adequate combustion air.
22.8.2 Location: Water heaters shall be located as close as practicable
to the flue or vent. They should be so located as to provide short runs of piping
to fixtures.
-71-
22.8.3 Clearance: Listed gas-fired water heaters shall be positioned in
relation to combustible construction with a minimum clearance in accordance with
Table 22.8.4 In no case shall clearance be such as to interfere with the
requirements for combustion air and accessibility for servicing. See Paragraph
22.6.1. Unlisted water heaters shall be installed with a clearance of 12 inches
on all sides and rear. Combustible floors under unlisted water heaters shall
be protected in accordance with the Plumbing Inspector's instructions.
22.8.4 Minimum Clearances for Listed Gas-Fired Water Heaters:
Type of Heater**
Nearest Part of Jacket
Flat Side
Type A
Type B
Type C
6
2
Flush
**Type
Type
Type
A-Miscellaneous (including circulation tank, instantaneous, uninsulated
underfired).
B-Underfired, insulated automatic storage heaters.
C-Type B units with one or more flat sides and tested for installation
flush to wall.
22.9
CENTRAL HEATING BOILERS AND FURNACES
22.9.1 Independent Gas Piping: The gas line shall be a separate line direct
from the meter to the boiler or furnace, unless the existing gas line is of ample
capacity. Any contemplated use of existing gas piping shall be verified.
22.9.2 Manual Main Shut-off Valves: Where a complete shutoff type auto-
matic pilot system is not utilized, a manual main shut-off valve shall be provid-
ed ahead of all controls except the manual pilot gas valve. Where a complete
shut-off type automatic pilot system is utilized, a manual main shut-off valve
shall be provided ahead of all controls. A suitable manual valve shall be provid-
ed for shutting off the main burner gas independently of the pilot gas. A union
connection shall be provided downstream from the manual main shut-off valve to
permit removal of the controls.
22.9.3 Clearance: Listed central heating boilers and furnaces shall be
installed with clearances not less than specified in Table 22.9.4, except that
appliances listed for installation at lesser clearances may be installed in ac-
cordance with their listings. In no case shall the clearance be such as to
interfere with the requirements for combustion air and accessibility.
22.9.4 Minimum Clearances for Listed Central Heating Boilers and Furnaces:
Jacket Projecting
Type of Sides Flue Box or
Appliance Above and Rear Front. Draft Hood
Boilers 6 6 18 6
Furnaces 18* 6 18 6
*A vertical clearance of 6 inches may be used with warm air furnaces
equipped with mechanical means to circulate the air with an approved
temperature limit control that cannot be set higher than 2500 F.
-72-
VOLm.'fE__~ PAGE 4;)0
----=-
22.10 FLOOR FURNACES
22.10.1
tible floors.
floors.
Installation: Listed floor furnaces may be installed in combus-
Unlisted floor furnaces shall not be installed in combustible
22.10.2 Manual Main Shut-off Valve: A separate manual main shut-off valve
shall be provided ahead of all controls and a union connection shall be provid-
ed downstream from this valve to permit removal of the controls or the floor
furnace.
22.10.3 Combustion Air: Fixed ventilation by means of a duct or grille
arranged to supply air from a permanently ventilated attic, underfloor space,
or open air, shall be provided to any confined space which encloses the floor
furnace. The duct or grille shall be screened and have a free area at least
twice the free area of the vent collar of the floor furnace or one sq. in. per
1000 Bru per hour of gas input, whichever is the greater, and shall be install-
ed in such a manner as to insure proper combustion.
22.10.4 Placement: The following are requirements for properly placing
the furnace or furnaces to serve one story:
A. No floor furnace shall be installed in the floor of any aisle or
passageway of any auditorium, public hall, or place of assembly
or in an exit-way from any such room or space.
B. Walls and Corners - With the exception of wall-register models, a
floor furnace shall not be placed closer than 6 inches to the
nearest wall, and wall register models shall not be placed closer
than 6 inches to a corner.
C. Draperies - The furnace shall be so placed that a door, drapery,
or similar object cannot be nearer than 12 inches to any portion
of the register of the furnace.
D. No door or doors that can be closed shall be permitted between
the floor furnace location and the controlling thermostat.
22.10.5 Clearance: The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall have at
least a 6-inch clearance from the general ground level, except that where the
lower 6-inch portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to pre-
vent entrance of water, the clearance may be reduced to not less than 2 inches.
When these clearances are not present, the ground below and to the sides shall
be excavated to form a "basin-like" pit under the furnace so that the required
clearance is provided beneath the lowest portion of the furnace. A l2-inch
clearance shall be provided on all sides except the control side, which shall
have an l8-inch clearance.
22.10.6 Access: Provision shall be made for access to the floor furnace
by means of an opening in the foundation wall of at least 18 by 24 inches, locat-
ed at some convenient point, and a clear and unobstructed passageway to the floor
furnace of at least 18 inches high by 24 inches wide.
-73-
22.10.7 Seepage Pan: Whenever the excavation exceeds 12 inches or water
seepage is likely, a watertight copper pan, concrete pit, or other suitable
material shall be used. A copper pan shall be made of not less than l6-ounce-per-
square-foot sheet copper. The pan shall be anchored in place , so as to prevent
floating, and the walls shall extend at least 4 inches above the ground level,
with 12 inches clearance on all sides except the control side, which shall have
18 inches clearance. When the equipment is sealed by the manufacturer to meet
this condition, the pan or pit may be omitted if not required for maintaining a
dry condition for service access.
22.10.8 Wind Protection: Floor furances shall be protected, where neces-
sary, against severe wind conditions.
22.10.9 Upper Floor Installations: Listed gas floor furnaces may be in-
stalled in an upper floor provided the furnace assembly projects below into a
utility room, closet, garage, or similar non-habitable space. In such instal~
lations, the floor furnace shall be enclosed completely (entirely sepa~ated
from the non-habitable space) with means for air intake to meet the provisions
of Paragraph 22.10.3 with access facilities for servicing on the control side,
with minimum furnace clearances of 6 inches to all sides and bottom, and with
the enclosure constructed of portland cement plaster on metal lath or material
of equal fire resistance.
22.11 DUCT FURNACES
22.11.1 Independent Gas Piping: The gas line shall be a separate line
direct from the meter to the duct furnace, unless the existing gas line is of
ample capacity. Any contemplated use of existing gas piping shall be verified.
22.11.2 Clearance: Listed gas-fired duct furnaces shall be installed
with clearances of at least 6 inches between adjacent walls, cei.lings, and floor
of combustible construction and the appliance projecting flue box or draft hood,
except that duct furnaces listed for installation at lesser clearance may be in-
stalled in accordance with their listings. In no case shall the clearance be
such as to interfere with the requirements for combustion air. See Paragraph
22.10.3. Unlisted duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances to combust-
ible construction in accordance with the requirements for central heating fur-
naces and boilers, Paragraph 22.11.3. Combustible floors under unlisted duct
furnaces shall be protected in an approved manner.
22.11.3 Erection of Furnace: A duct furnace shall be erected and firmly
supported in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
22.11.4 Accessibilitv: The installation of duct furnaces shall be such
as to make them accessible for servicing.
22.ll.5 Circulating Air: Circulating air shall not be taken from the same
enclosure in which the furnace is located.
22.11.6 Duct Furnaces Used with Air Conditioning Systems: Duct furnaces,
when used in conjunction with an air conditioning system, shall not be located
downstream from the evaporator coil.
-74-
__c~-<
.l~/.
22.12 APPLIANCE AND EQUIPMENT VENTS
22.12.1 Appliances Requiring Vents: Vents shall be required on floor fur-
naces, suspended heating units, insert wall furnaces, boilers, AGA appliances
having down draft diverts, duct furnaces, attic furnaces, below the floor heat-
ing units, water heaters (and other gas-fired appliances designed to be used
with a vent).
22.12.2 Type of Vents: Such vents for equipment having an hourly BTU in-
put rating of 750,000 or less shall be constructed of approved double wall metal
pipes having an exterior casting of galvanized iron or aluminum and an interior
lining of aluminum or non-corrodible metal and separated by not less than 1/2-inch
of dead air space, or other listed type of vent approved by the Plumbing Inspec-
tor, except that water heaters shall be vented with double-wall metal pipe.
22.12.3 Supports: All vent pipes shall be supported by and secured to
rigid structural members in such manner as to prevent vertical or horizontal
displacement. Vent stacks shall extend continuously through the roof to a point
not less than 15 inches above same.
22.12.4 Industrial or Public Buildings: In buildings used for commercial,
industrial or public purposes, equipment having an hourly BTU input rating of
more than 750,000 shall be connected to stacks designed and built according to
accepted engineering standards and approved by the City Plumbing Inspector.
22.12.5 Vent Caps: An effective vent cap which does not reduce the cross-
sectional area of the vent outlet and also protects against wind-induced down
drafts, rain and snow shall be used.
22.12.6 Vent Flashings: Sheetmetal flashings of aluminum, copper or gal-
vanized iron shall be used.
22.13 VENTING REQUIREMENTS
(The following tables apply specifically to double-wall Type B
gas vents constructed of metal, including all fittings, from the
draft hood outlet to top of vent.)
22.13.1 Individual Vents: Total Vent
tween the draft hood outlet and the vent
top. The position or rise of a connector
or the location of an offset, has no ef-
fect on the total vent height. Length
of lateral is the horizontal distance
or offset between the draft hood out-
let and the final vertical portion of
vent. See Figure A.
Height is the vertical distance be-
T
TOTAL
VENT
T
&PPlIAN'~
Figure A
-75-
22.13.2 Procedure for Using the Individual Vent Table: To determine the
proper vent size for an individual vent, apply the Table on the following page
as follows:
(1) Determine total vent height and length of lateral, based on ap-
pliance and vent location, and height to top of vent pipe.
(2) Read down the total vent height column at the left to a height
equal to or greater than the total vent height.
(3) Select the horizontal row for the appropriate length of lateral
(Zero for straight vertical vents).
(4) Read across to the first column which shows a capacity equal to
or greater than the appliance nameplate heat input, except for
room heaters, floor furnaces, and vented recessed heaters, in
which case stop at the first value which is equal to or greater
than 1.4 times the nameplate heat input.
(5) If the vent size shown at the top of the column containing the
correct capacity is equal to or larger than the appliance draft
hood, use the vent shown by the Table.
(6) If, however, the vent shown is smaller than the draft hood size,
see Paragraph 22.13.4.
22.13.3 Example:
I
A typical individual venting project is shown
in Figure B. The furnace has a 150,000 BTU
capacity and a 6-inch draft hood.
Procedure:
10 FT.
Go down the Total Vent Height column to 20-foot
height and across on the line for lO-foot lat-
eral.
20FT.
150,000 BTU capacity is found in 5-inch size
column.
228,000 BTU capacity is shown in 6-inch size
column.
5-inch size is adequate because total height
exceeds 10 feet (See Paragraph 22.13.4).
Figure B
Regardless of til" s: ze vent sho"-7fl by the Tables or Calculator for such appliances,
do not connect four-i~ch draft hoods to three-inch vents.
-76-
'lOI, --_~_T'!J; :':' J.~~2
TABLE 6
-.
MAXIMUM CAPACITY, Th."lCInd. .f ITU Per Hour'
TOUL lOlCTIl -,
VOlT Of 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22" 24'
~EJlIT UTWL
0 45 . 125 110 245 320 I =1 120! 170 1210 1630 2000 2430 2900
4' 2' 3D 51 14 137 110 250 SIll' 140 160 1220 1520 1830 2180
4' 2t 5& II 133 liS 243 I 395 570 730 950 1215 15'0 11211 2170
I' 27 53 14 125 115 m 311' 525 700 930 1'90 1505 '8'0 2160
0 41 . 141 205 215 370 510 150 1170 1530 '960 2430 2950 35211
6' 2' 31 17 105 157 m 215 455 550 190 1170 1480 '850 2220 2610
6' 32 11 100 141 205 273 435 &30 170 1150 1470 18211 22'0 2&50
12' 21 55 91 137 190 255 406 &'0 140 ll1D 1430 1195 2180 2600
0 50 54 155 235 320 415 &60 97D 1320 1140 2220 275G 3360 4010
8' 2' 40 15 120 1. 247 322 515 145 1020 1340 1700 2"0 2560 3050
I' 35 1& 109 155 227 303 490 120 '000 mil '&10 2010 2530 3030
J6' 21 51 96 141 2IlI 21' 451 &15 950 1260 '&00 2035 2470 2960
0 53 100 1&& 255 345 450 120 I l~D '450 1925 24SO 3050 3110 4450
10' 2' 42 II 129 195 I 213 355 560 850 1130 1480 1890 1340 2840 3390
'0' 31 70 115 175 245 330 525 195 1010 1430 184Q 2280 2780 3340
20' - 6D 100 154 217 300 416 I 135 1030 1360 1780 2230 2720 3250
0 51 112 117 285 390 525 840 1240 1720 2270 2900 3620 4410 5300
15' 2' 41 93 150 225 316 414 675 915 1350 1110 2260 ' 2800 3410 4080
15' 37 75 121 191 275 373 6'0 905 '250 1675 2'SO 2700 3300 3980
30' - 60 107 1&9 243 328 553 845 1180 '550 2050 2&20 3210 3840
0 11 111 202 301 430 515 930 1350 '900 2520 3250 4060 4980 6000
2' 51 100 1&& 249 34& 410 755 1100 1520 200D 2510 3200 3910 4700
20' 10' 44 .. 150 228 321 443 110 1045 14&0 1940 2500 3130 3830 4600
20' 35 71 134 2IlI 295 4'0 &&5 990 1390 1880 2430 3050 37&0 4550
30' - &1 120 116 273 380 &2& 945 1270 1700 2330 2980 36SO 4390
0 14 121 220 335 475 &50 '060 '550 2170 2920 3110 4750 5150 7060
30' 2' 51 112 115 280 394 535 165 1310 '800 2380 3050 3310 4650 ,5600
20' - 10 154 237 343 473 784 1185 1&50 2200 2870 3650 4480 I 5310
40' - - - 200 291 415 705 1075 1520 2060 2700 3480 4270 5140
-
0 . 132 228 353 500 685 I 1140 1730 2400 3230 4180 5270 &500 7160
40' 2' 51 111 191 291 420 579 I 960 '420 20110 2&60 3420 4300 I j260 63211
20' - . 157 261 377 516 860 I 1310 '830 2460 3200 4050 500lI 6070
40' - - - 223 333 460 715 1205 1710 2310 3020 3140 4780 5120
0 - I. 231 373 535 730 i 1250 1920 2700 3650 4740 6lIOO 7310 9000
2' 125 213 33D 47D &SO I '060 1605 2250 I 302D 3920 , 4960 6130 7400
60' -
30' - - 110 275 397 555 93D 1440 2050 I 2180 3640 4700 5730 7000
60' - - - - 334 475 830 1285 '87D 2560 3380 4330 5420 6&iO
0 - - 23' 384 550 755 1290 2020 2880 39011 5100 6450 IIIIllI 9750
80' 2' - - 217 350 495 683 , 1145 1140 2460 3320 431D 5450 6140 8200
40' - - - 275 404 570 980 1515 2110 2910 3920 5000 6270 7&50
10' - - - - - - 150 1420 200D 2750 3640 4680 5150 7200
0 - - - 400 5&0 110 1310 2050 2950 4D50 5300 &100 8600 10. 30lI
~OO' 2' - - - 375 510 700 1170 1120 2550 35011 4600 5100 1200 aaoo
50' - - - - 4DS 515 1000 1550 2250 3100 4050 530lI 66llO 1100
100' - - - - - - 170 1430 2050 2150 3750 4900 5100 75011
INDIVIDUAL VENT TABLE
HOTIS I
A ..... See step 4 of paragraph 22.13.2
-.. "_" Where no capacity is given, vent may be liable to bolh spillage and condensotion.
C Regardle" of altitude, always design vent for sea level nameplate oppliance input.
D "0" lateral applie. only to a vertical vent attached to 0 top outlet draft hood,
-77-
22.13.5 Combined Vents: A "combined" vent is a venting system for two or
more appliances at one level attached to a common vent. "Least Total Height"
is the vertical distance from the highest appliance draft hood outlet in the
system to the top of the vent. This is one fixed dimension for anyone system
regardless of the number or placement of appliances in the system. "Connector
Rise" for any appliance is the vertical distance from its draft hood outlet to
the point where the next connector joins the system. A "Common Vent" is the
portion of the venting system above the lowest interconnection. When the common
vent is entirely vertical, it is called a Vertical or "V" type. Otherwise the
common vent is li Lateral or "L" type.
22.13.6 Procedure for Determining Each Vent Connector Size:
(1) Determine the Least Total Height for the system.
(2) Determine the Connector Rise for each appliance.
(3) Enter the vent connector Table at the appropriate Lease Total
Height. Continue across on the line for the first appliance
Connector Rise to the nameplate BTU rating (or the next higher
rating) for that appliance. Read the connector vent size for
that appliance at the top of this column.
(4) At the same Least Total Height, repeat the procedure for the
Connector Rise and BTU rating for each appliance.
CAUTION: Never use a connector smaller than draft hood outlet size.
22.13.7 Procedure for Determining Size of Common Vent:
(1) Add together all appliance BTU input ratings to determine the
Total BTU rating.
(2) Enter the Common Vent Table at the same Least Total Height used
in Paragraph 22.13.6.
(3) Continue across either on the "L" line or on the "V" line as
indicated in Paragraph 22.13.5.
(4) Stop at the first value which is equal to or greater than the
total BTU rating.
(5) Read the size of the Common Vent at the top of this column.
CAUTION: Regardless of table results, Common Vent must always be at
least as large as the largest connector. If both connectors are the
same size, the common vent must be at least one size larger.
-78-
'VOLUME _ff PAGE !:L~
22.13.8 Example:
.
'5 fUT OII( FOOT
LUST toIIIIECTOll
TOTAL "K
MEtINT
..
,
15 'UT
LUST
TOTAL
N(I'NT
..
140,000 TOTAL III1'UT:
COIlIlOll YUT
5 IIIeN SIZE
Figure A
Figure B
Figure C
Figure A shows a typical two-appliance combined-vent system. To determine
common vent and individual connector sizes, use the following procedures:
(1) Enter the Vent Connector Table at a Least Total Height of 15
feet and a Connector Rise of 1 foot. Read across to the BTU
rating next higher than the water heater rating. This is the
column showing 53,000 BTU. At the top of this column a 4-inch
connector size is designated for the water heater. See Figure
A, above.
(2) Enter the Vent Connector Table at the same Least-Total Height
(15 feet) but this time for the furnace Connector Rise of 3
feet. Read across to 111,000 BTU (the next higher rating above
105,000 BTU). At the top of this column a vent connector size
of 5 inches is designated for the furnace connector. See Figure
B, above.
(3) The sum of the two ratings is the 140,000 BTU. Enter the Common
Vent Table at ehe same Least Total Height (15 feet) and on the
"V" line. For a total capacity of 144,000 BTU, the column head-
ing directs a 5-inch common vent for this system. See Figure C,
above.
-79-
LWT
TlTAL COII.ECTOI
IDIIlT IISE
4'
6'
e'
10'
IS'
20'
30'
40'
60'
WS, VOlT
TOTAL
NOliN' TYPE. 3"
4' L
V
6' L
V
8' L
V
10' L
v
15' L
v
20' L
V
30' L
V
40' L
V
60" L
1 v
80" L
V
100' L
V
"
2'
3'
"
2'
3'
"
2'
3'
"
2'
3'
I'
2'
3'
l'
2'
3'
"
2'
3'
l'
2'
3'
I'
2'
3'
TABLU
COMBINED VENT TABLES
VENT CONNECTOR TAIU
MAXIMUM INItUT TO VENT CONNECTOR. Thousands 01 ITU P.r Hour
3"
24
21
32
21
31
35
27
32
31 I
~ I
37 i
38 :
35 '
40 '
31
37
42
33
39
44
35
41
41
37
44
50
4"
43 I
51
58
, 41
I 55
&2
4.
57
84
50
51
.7
53
83
71
58
II
74
I ro
79
.2
73
.3
66
I 79
89
5" i
&8
IG
i 90
72
1&
II
7&
llIl
1111
78
83
104
83
91
111
87
104
11&
I 93
110
124
97
115
129
104
j' 123
138
~ 7" j 8" I 10"
'1~ :~ ~I,.I: m I
131 171 232 3S4!
104 142 ,.5 219
124 168 II 220 3-45
139 118 ~ 248 i 31&
109 1<< 194 I 3113
129 175 230; 358
145 191 251 402
113 154 200 I 314
13-4 182 231 372
150 205 28. I 417
120 163 214' T 333
142 193 253 11 394
llG 218 2. 444
125 171 224 'I 3-47
149 2112 285 414
16. 22. 300 i 4&&
13-4 1.2 231; 372
151 215 282 jl 439
171 242 1 317 494
140 190 241 I 319
166 225 215 I 411
187 253 331 i 5211
I 150 204 28& [ 417
171 242 316! 494
1200 272 mim
14" I 16" 18" 20" 22" I 24"
53-4 .11 110 1090 1320 i 1570
600 712 911 12211 '410 i 17611
610 190 1125 1390 1610 ZOllO
i~~ m 1~~ :m I ~:~~ I :;~
140 967 1225 1510 rm'311 I 2180
601 105 10,s;-,iE- 1520-t-liiD-
696 910' 1150 '142l1 1720! 21150
190 1030 I 1305 I 1610 I ~320
i 642 I 140 I 10&0 'I 1310 1 1515 : 1890
I 730 955 i 1205 1~~ I 1800 I 2150
I 821 "010 I 1310 1 1 ~ 2040 2430
691 ! 910 I 1150 1'420 'I ~205O
790 1'030 1305 1610 1950 I 2310
891 I 1115 ~ ~~5 I _~ 2640
140 ! 965 1225 I 15101 1830 I 2190
84lI ! 1095 I 1385 , 1710 I 2010 2410
I 952 J, 1245 ! 1575 1'94~ 1 _2~1 ,2800
105 1050 I 1330 1645 TI990 2370
910 1190 I 1500 ~: 1855 '2240 2670
1035 1350 ~,' 2110 25511 ~
I 150 \110 I ~~~ 11135 I 2100 2500
I 964 12&0 11590 1965 2380 2830
I 1100 ! 1435 1820. 2240 I 2110 3230
! 926 ,1210 I 1530 f 1890 1 2210 2720
11050 I 1310 i 1140 I 2150 : 2590 I 3090
, 1198 I 1565 I 1980 J... 2450 _i 2960 , 35211
12" I
392
414
52.
416
411
556
439
518
510
452
536
600
410
581
140
5CII
51&
&72
536
832
712
5&0
665
748
1600
I 112
'1lIlI
TABLE 8
COMMON VENT TABLE
MAXIMUM COMIINED INPUT TO EACH SECTION OF COMMON VENT, Thou.and. 01 BTU P.r Hour
6~7-;;--ilrT-lo~ 12-;:-~
101 138 180 210 404
121 173 i 225 355
117 i160 1 210 325 i
1~~ i 260 410
130 , 11B : 230 365
163 I 223 i 290 I 415
142 193 250 395 865 1130 I 1430 '1765 2090 2540
118 242 315 495 1 112 i 995 : 1300 I 1645 , 211~ 2400 2920
164 224; 290 ! 460 ;656i-1008 "ljlS~1665 ~Ot;o l-moI7.9&O
20& 280 I 365 565 ~5 '11S8 ! 1510 i 1910, : 2360 1 2190 ! 3400
182 250---r-m-~-51il' 12f.......1126-T1i10!1860--r- 2300 - ! 272013ilD-
I 229 310 i 405 640 916' 1290 ,1690 I 2140 : 2640 i 3120 j 3800
211 290 -h~ 844: 1321 ~"iiJ5-j-2i90--j-211o-J 3210 i:, 3900
28& 360 410 1411 1025: 1525 1990 2520" 3110 3680 4480
236 320: 420 i 6&0 945 I 1492 1950 iwo- ---fosa--3i1o~ij90-
295 4115 525 820. 1180 . 1715 ,2240 i 2830 3500 4150' 5050
~"-""""'----+--'--r-'-'-~----'----- -. ------~---_._-----... -----
275 314' 490 765 1100 1750 2280 2890 3570 4230! 5050
3044 i 418 '612 955' 1380 2010 2620: 3320 4100, 4850 : 5900
308-~-;s:48~-i56~rn--'950---15SOt-'fiJO-'-T98jj ~-4720 rSl50
3&5 524 685 1010' 1S40 2250 2930 i 3110 '4590 ~20' 6600
, -~~--~--..............._--_._._-- ,'..'-,-_..----.- - --+--.----
- . 453 591 9Z5 I3JS 2140 2190 3530 4360 5160 6290
56& 7411' m6 1610 2450 3200 41150 5lnI 591ti 1200
.For .1.1;",,00" 01 L and V, ... Paragraph 22.1 J. 5..
-80-
717-
Jgi
22.14 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
22.14.1 National Electrical Code: All electrical connections between gas
appliances and the building wiring shall conform, at least, to the National Elec-
trical Code, ASA Cl, 1956.
22.14.2 Electric Ignition and Control Devices: No devices employing or
depending upon an electrical current shall be used to control or ignite a gas
supply if of such a character that failure of the electrical current could re-
sult in the escape of unburned gas or in failure to reduce the supply of gas
under conditions which would normally result in its reduction unless other means
are provided to prevent the development of dangerous temperatures, pressures or
the escape of gas.
22.14.3 Electrical Ground: The gas p1p1ng shall not be used as a ground-
ing electrode for an electric fuse panel, telephone circuit or lightening arres-
ter, nor shall electric circuits utilize gas piping, casing of controls, panels
or other metal parts in lieu of wiring. This provision shall not apply to low
voltage control and ignition circuits, and to electronic flame detection device
circuits incorporated as part of the appliance.
22.15 COMPLIANCE WITH ACCEPTED STANDARD
22.15.1 National Standard: All work installed under the Gas Fitting Sec-
tion of this Code shall comply to the standards of the National Board of Fire
Underwriters for the installation of gas piping and gas appliances in buildings
as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association, a pamphlet normally
referred to as NBFU Pamphlet No. 54. Except where specifically changed by Tables
within this Code, all provisions of NBFU Pamphlet No. 54 shall apply to work
installed under this Code.
CHAPTER 23
TRAILER PARK PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
23. 1 GENERAL
23.1.1 Adherence to Code: Trailer park plumbing and drainage systems
shall be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of this Chap-
ter and the installation requirements of this code.
23.1.2 Prohibited Piping Installation: No gas piping, non-metallic drain-
age or vent piping, sewage disposal system or parts thereof, shall be located in
any area where a trailer may be parked, or a cabana, or other structure may be
buil t.
23.1.3 Plans and Specifications Required: Before any plumbing or sewage
disposal facilities are installed or altered in any trailer park, duplicate plans
and specifications shall be filed and proper permits obtained from the City
Plumbing Inspection Department. Plans shall show in detail:
A. Plot plan of park, property lines, driveways, existing or proposed
buildings and the sizes of trailer sites.
-81-
B. Complete specification and piping layout of proposed plumbing system
or alteration.
C. Complete specification and layout of proposed sewage disposal system
or alteration.
23.2 DRAINAGE AND VENT INSTALLATION
23.2.1 Drainage Installation: Each trailer site shall be provided with a
3-inch l.P.S. male or female threaded connection extending above the surrounding
grade from a 3-inch, minimum size, vented lip" trap. See Figure F, page 86.
Traps shall be located with reference to the immediate boundary lines of the de-
signated space or area within each trailer site that will actually be occupied
by the trailer. Each such trap shall be located in the rear third quarter sec-
tion along the left boundary line of the trailer parking area. See Figure G,
page 87. Each trap inlet connection shall be protected at Srade by a concrete
pad not less than 4 inches thick and 18 inches square if 90 ell is used. See
Figure B, page 85. Concrete pad should be not less than 8 inches thick and
16 inches square if vertical trap inlet is used. See Figure D, page 85. No
trap shall be more than 24 inches below grade. Each trap inlet connection shall
be effectively capped with a screw type cap, or plug when not in use.
23.2.2 Trailer Drainage Connectors: Connectors from trailer drain to trap
inlet shall be of sanitary semi-rigid pipe installed so that there is no trap in
the connector.
23.2.3 Materials: All traps, risers from traps, horizontal vents and the
first 5 feet from the trap on each trap branch shall be of materials approved
for underground use within a building; provided, however, that approved type
non-metallic pipe may be used for the balance of the system when not under any
trailer or any possible future building site.
23.2.4 Wet Vents: Drainage systems may be wet vented as set forth in
this section of the code.
23.2.5 Location and Size of Vents: Each wet vented drainage system shall
be provided with a vent not more than 15 feet downstream from its upper trap,
and long mains shall be provided with additional relief vents at intervals of
not more than 100 feet thereafter. The minimum size of any vent serving a wet
vented system shall be not less than 3 inches in diameter and it need not be
larger than 4 inches in diameter. See Figure C, page 85.
23.2.6 Prohibited Wet Vents: The draina:"e system of any building shall
not discharge into a wet vented line. No building or house sewer shall serve
as a wet vent.
23.2.7 Vent Supports and Protection: Vents shall be securely fastened to
4 X 4 redwood post or have equivalent support. Galvanized iron or galvanized
steel vents may be anchored in a substantial concrete base and the redwood post
eliminated, providing that the concrete extends not less than 12 inches above
the junction with the cast-iron pipe or fitting. Galvanized vent pipe, steel or
iron may extend below ground vertically and may directly intersect a drainage
line, providing the entire section around the vent pipe and drainage line is
encased in concrete to prevent movement. Galvanized vent pipe that is to be
encased in concrete shall first be coated with bituminous paint or equivalent
protective material.
-82-
;rC
....-" ~, -..-'
i~ .i..i,;.r.,
/. ~'
-~--'....I
VOLljln~
23.2.8 Size and Location of Cleanouts: Cleanouts shall be provided at
the upper end of each horizontal drainage line and at intervals of not more
than 50 feet thereafter. Each cleanout shall be brought up to grade and made
readily accessible. Cleanout fittings shall not be less than the size of the
pipe except that none need be larger than 4 inches.
23.2.9 Pipe Sizes: For the purpose of determining pipe sizes, each trail-
er site connection shall be assigned a waste loading value of 6 fixture units
and each trailer park drainage system shall be sized as provided in Paragraph
23.2.10.
23.2.10 Pipe Sizes for Trailer Park Drainage System:
Max. No. Trailers
Individually Vented
System
Max. No. Trailers
Wet Vented
System
Size 0 f
Drain
2
30
100
400
1
10
50
*3"
4"
6"
8"
'k*
*The maximum length of any 3-inch trap branch is 6 feet from its vent.
**Will require special design. Consult Plumbing Inspector.
23.3 WATER DISTRIBUTING SYSTEM
23.3.1 General Requirements: Each trailer park water distributing system
shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 19 and shall be so designed and
maintained as to provide a residual pressure of 20 P.S.I. at each trailer site
under normal operating conditions.
23.3.2 Size of Supply Connection: Each trailer site branch water supply
connection shall be not less than one-half inch inside diameter.
23.3.3 Protection From Cross Connections: An approved combination vacuum
breaker and check valve shall be installed on the water supply branch at, or
near, the trailer connection. See Figure A, page 85.
23.3.4 Relief Valves: An approved pressure relief valve shall be install-
ed immediately on the discharge side of each vacuum breaker and check valve. See
Figure A, page 85. Each pressure relief valve shall be equipped with a full size
drain with the end of the pipe not more than 2 feet nor less than 6 inches above
ground and pointing downward. Such drain may terminate at other approved loca-
tions. No part of such drain may be trapped. No shut-off valve shall be install-
ed between a relief valve and the trailer it serves.
23.3.5 Shut-off Valves: A shut-off valve shall be installed immediately
upstream from the combination vacuum breaker and relief valve. See Figure A,
Page 85.
-83-
23.3.6 Ditch: Water pipe shall be installed in a separate ditch from non-
metallic drainage pipe or as required in Chapter 19.
23.4 INSPECTION
23.4.1 Testing: Installations shall be tested and inspected as required
by the installation requirements of this code.
23.5 RESPONSIBILITY
23.5.1 Code Violations: When it is evident that there exists or may exist,
a violation of any pertinent regulation, the owner, lessee, operator, person in
charge of the park or any person causing a violation, shall immediately discon-
nect the trailer water supply and sewer connection from the respective park
systems and shall employ such other corrective measures as may be ordered by
the City Plumbing Inspector.
23.5.2 Maintenance: All
tained in good working order.
agent shall be responsible for
required devices or safe guards shall be main-
The owner, operator, lessee or his designated
their maintenance.
CHAPTER 24
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
24.1 GENERAL
Provisions of adequate and safe sewage disposal facilities in areas with
no community sewerage system can be a difficult problem. Proper disposal of
human excreta in such areas is a major factor influencing the health of indi-
viduals. The following sections of the Texas General Sanitation Law of 1945
(Article 4477-1, Vernon's Annotated Civil Statutes) are concerned with the treat-
ment and disposal of domestic sewage.
"Sec. 4.(b) No kitchen waste, laundry waste, or sewage shall be allowed
to accumulate, discharge or flow into any public place, gutter, street, or high-
way.
"Sec. 5.(a) All human excreta in populous areas must be disposed of through
properly managed sewers, treatment tanks, chemical toilets, approved privies,
or by other methods approved by the State Department of Health. The disposal
system shall be sufficient to prevent the pollution of surface soil, the con-
tamination of any drinking water supply, the infection of any flies, cockroaches,
or the creation of any other nuisance.
"Sec. 5.(b) All effluent from a septic tank hereafter constructed shall be
disposed of through a subsurface drainage field designed in accordance with good
public health engineering practice or any other method which does not create a
nuisance."
In general, the mass use of individual wells for water supply and septic
tanks for sewage disposal in suburban developments has usually created health
problems and is, therefore, an undesirable practice. The modern sewage col-
lection system and central treatment plant provides the most economical, trouble-free
-84-
,-------
YOLUlfE ~PAGE'~J~
~
TRAILER PARK PLUMBING DETAILS
Ap~rpved typ..e.. .comb.i.na tian
eck valve and vacuwn
Relief valve
#'
.c Hoae Connlll!ctor
nlY.&..Jirain
)( /f'x rr!'
T
12' Min.
, - G~d.
fW'-f " y v~ ~", ,.
12' Min.
Figure A
Vent 10 ft. High. 10 ft.
from Property Line
~
Strap
C.o. to Grade
Concrete
Pad I
Protect Pipe
thru Concrete
Figure B
Sewer Connection
~ Flexible Sanitary Trailer
. ~Connection to Permit Sway of
Trailer Without Damage to
Plumbing
Metal Cover
Cap When Not in
Use
Figure D
Allow 6 fixture units
for each Trailer Trap
No Clay Pipe Within 1 ft.
of Surface
Figure C
Pad
24"
t<
Sit.
First 5 ft. cast iron pipe
Max. Trap Arm 3" - 6 ft.
Max. Trap Arm 4" - 15 ft.
Figure E
-85-
TYPICAL WET VENT INSTALLATION
Conventional system
(Size according to
unit load)
Keep Vents Not Less
than 10' from property
line
~
'00'
~ Af.t~
Relief Vent
Everv 100'
/
Trunk Line
1/ 4" Grade
/J'~
Wet Vented
1/8" Grade
Figure F
4" - Maximum Trap Arm 15'
3" - Maximum Trap Arm 6'
Maximum No. of Traps on any single Branch of Wet Vented System:
3" - Pipe
4" - Pipe
6" - Pipe
1 Trap
10 Traps
50 Traps
Main vent for 3" Branch
Main vent for 4" Branch
Main vent for 6" Branch
3" - Pipe (Relief 3")
3" - Pipe (Relief 3")
4" - Pipe (Relief 3")
For individually vented trailers size vents and drains to house plumbing standards.
-86-
~
VOLUME JJ )lACE' ;(21
TRAILER COURT DETAILS
All Trailer Space Must Be Shown And Boundary Lines Approved Before Locating
Plumbing
Keep Trap l' to
3' from this line
And l' Min. from
Trailer Wheel
5' Min.
front of Trailer Site
Tra ller
Firat Quarter
of Trailer
Second Quarter
of Trailer
Third Quarter
of Tra Her
Fourth Quarter
of Trailer
Thl. Dhtance
Vari..
Rear of Space
Figure G
-87-
and effective method yet devised for the disposal of domestic sewage. For most
unsewered, non-urban areas, a septic tank and soil absorption system may be
used instead.
Detailed technical information concerning any phase of household sewage
disposal may be obtained upon request from the Division of Sanitary Engineering,
Texas State Department of Health, Austin, Texas.
24.2 SITE CONSIDERATIONS
The builder should first decide whether a septic tank and soil absorption
system will work in his particular case. In general, the proposed site for the
septic tank and absorption system must be located a safe distance from water
wells, streams, etc., and soil conditions must be suitable. Further, the site
must not be in an area subject to flooding, and topography should permit gravity
flow through the entire process.
TABLE 1
Minimum Safe Distance in Feet
Septic
Tank
Soil
Absorp-
tion
System
Cast-
Iron
Sewers
Vitrified
Clay Pipe
With Water-
Tight Joints
From:
To
Water Wells, Cisterns
and Pump Suction Pipes
50
150
10
50
Streams and Ponds
50
50
50
Foundation Walls of
Structures
5
15
Property Lines
10
10
Some subsurface exploration and testing will probably be necessary to
determine suitability of the soil at the proposed site. Two conditions must
exist:
1. The average percolation time (see "Percolation Test" in Chapter
24.4) should be within the range specified in Table IV, page 92.
2. Impervious strata should be at least four feet below the bottom
of the soil absorption system, and the maximum elevation of the
groundwater table should be at least four feet below ground surface.
24.3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
24.3.1 House Sewer: The line from the house plumbing system to the septic
tank should be constructed of structurally sound pipe such as cast iron, vitri-
fied clay, or concrete. Cast iron pipe should be used under driveways. The
pipe should have a minimum inside diameter of four inches and be laid in a straighL
line at a grade of not less than one-fourth inch fall per foot of pipe. The
material used to seal the pipe joints should effectively prevent leakage and
entry of roots at the joints.
-88-
V ' ,q".~ . 1""'/'
VL0rilj:,__. __PAGE If .
24.3.2 Septic Tank: A properly-designed septic tank will be watertight
and will hold all sewage from the home for about a two-day period, in which time
gravitational force will cause the settling out of most of the sewage solids.
The solids, which slowly accumulate in the tank borrom, will then undergo a rot-
ting process and in a few months become more stable chemically. Periodically,
the tank will become filled with solids and require emptying. As additional
sewage is introduced into the tank, the original settled liquid is displaced
and overflows into the subsurface absorption field.
It is very important that the septic tank be made big enough. Probably
the best method of estimating sewage loading is based upon the number of bed-
rooms in the house to be served. The addition of ground-up garbage solids will
also have a significant bearing upon required tank capacity. Table II should
be used to determine the required minimum septic tank liquid capacity.
TA BLE II
Septic Tank Minimum Liquid Capacity
No. of Bedrooms
Septic Tank Capacity (Gallons)
A B
2 or less
3
4
For each additional
500
600
800
200
750
900
1,000
250
A. Without garbage grinder or automatic washer.
B. With garbage grinder andlor automatic washer.
The flow line of the inlet pipe should be three inches higher than the
operating tank liquid level (which is determined by the flow line of the out-
let pipe) to assure rapid drainage of house plumbing. Liquid penetration of
the inlet device should be at least six inches but never greater than that of
the outlet device. Liquid penetration of the outlet device should be approxi-
mately forty percent of the tank liquid depth.
"TII branches are recommended for inlet and outlet devices because they
provide a means for venting decomposition gases from the tank and absorption
system through the house plumbing. Otherwise, the gases will probably leak
from around the lid and cause an odor nuisance in the vicinity of the septic
tank. liT" branches also offer ready access for maintenance. To prevent es-
cape of scum and floating solids from the tank, the open spaces between the
tops of the inlet and outlet devices and the underside of the tank lid should
not be greater than approximately two inches.
For rectangular tanks built according to suggested dimensions given in
Table III, the proper liquid penetration and riser height of the inlet and out-
let devices will be provided if standard four-inch vitrified clay IITII branches--
or equivalent fittings of the same dimensions--are us€d. It is recommended how-
ever, that the barrel of the inlet device be shortened to give a liquid pene-
tration of six inches. (See Figure 1).
-89-
A properly designed single compartment tank will give acceptable perfor-
mance. Recent research data indicates that two tanks in series or a two-
compartment tank, with approximately one-half to two-thirds of the total volume
in the first compartment, will provide an extra degree of solids removal, which
is especially valuable under poor soil conditions. The second tank or compart-
ment should have inlet and outlet devices designeJ the same as for a single-
compartment tank, except that the elevation, or flow line of both inlet and
outlet devices in the second unit should be the same as the outlet device in
the first unit. Means of entry should be provided to each compartment for
inspection, cleaning and maintenance. Both the inlet and outlet devices should
be accessible for inspection and maintenance without having to enter the septic
tank. For tanks not buried too deeply, the use of sectional slab covers will
conveniently and safely provide the needed access. For tanks buried deeply,
manholes with risers are recommended.
The septic tank should be of sturdy, water-tight construction. Materials
used may be concrete (reinforced poured in place or precast), or tile with
concrete base and cover, or metal. Metal tanks shall be plainly marked that
they meet U. S. Dept. of Commerce Commercial Standard CS 177-62.
24.3.3 Soil Absorption System: Liquid discharging from a septic tank re-
quires further treatment to render it safe and chemically stable. A well-designed
subsurface soil absorption system will allow these liquids to seep away into
the ground at a slow rate without creating a health hazard or nuisance. After
the prospective builder has picked out a suitable area, with the consideration
of safe distances and topography in mind, he should then determine whether soil
formations in the chosen area will allow the soil absorption system to work.
(See page 93 concerning how to determine suitability of the soil at a parti-
cular site.)
Where the topography, or ground slope, is not too steep, a flat or level
system of gravel-filled trenches is recommended. The use of a loop trench will
avoid dead ends and assure maximum effective utilization of all portions of the
system. The capacity of any particular absorption system is fixed by the total
area of trench bottom built into the system. The amount of this required mini-
mum area will depend upon the expected sewage load (number of bedrooms) and the
average soil percolation time. The soil percolation time may be determined by
performing a percolation test as recommended in Paragraph 24.4.5.
All parts of the trench bottom should be at the same elevation, permissible
variation in total trench depth of a minimum eighteen inches to a maximum of
twenty-four inches. Permissible variations in trench widths range from a mini-
mum of approximately eighteen inches to a maximum of thirty-six inches. Minimum
recommended spacing between adjacent edges of parallel trenches is approximately
five feet. Liquid from the septic tank is conducted to the absorption system via
a water-tight line similar to the house sewer. The liquid is distributed uniform-
ly through the gravel-filled trenches by a pipeline of four inch farm drain tile
or equivalent materials. It is recommended that the distribution piping be laid
level in the trenches, with a minimum of six inches gravel depth under the pipe
and a two-inch gravel cover. Thus, a total gravel depth of approximately twelve
inches would be required. To avoid root troubles, an additional six inches of
gravel should be provided underneath the distribution tile within ten feet of
trees or large shrubs. The filtering media may be clean, graded gravel, broken
brick, washed rock, or similar aggregate and may range in size from one-half to
-90-
. - Jl~~_
,--L:;~
~-J
1-
1-
?
Figure 1- Single Compartment Septic Tank
TABLE III
Suggested Dimensions for Rectangular Tanks
Tank
Capacity Inside Inside Inside II A" liB II
Gallons Width Length Depth (Refer to Fig. 1)
500 3'-0" 6'-0" 4'-9" 9" 12"
750 3'-6" 7'-6" 4'-10" 9" 12"
900 3'-6" 7'-6" 5'-7" 9" 12"
----+
'~
--+
--+
t
p
Figure 2. Two Septic Tanks in Series. Cross Section.
-91-
.J...
,..
T
Figure 3.
HOUSE
... TILE LIME FOR EFFLUENT DISTRIBUTION
MOTE COVER OF TAR PAPER STRIP FOR
JOINT PROTECTIOM
1-
,.. MI...
12" MAX.
T
EARTH ~
BACKFILL
~
, .,
f . . · .
. .GRAVEL ..
ClOSS SECTIOM
.GRAVEL '
. ..
SIDE VIEW
Details of Soil Absorption Trench Construction
AntAL VIEW
SOIL ABSORPTIO.. FIELD
Average
Percolation Rate
(Minute per Inch)
1
3
4
5
10
l5
30
45
60
Over 60
Figure 4. Typical Lay-out for Ground Level
TABLE IV
Minimum Required
Required Trench
Bottom Area
(Square Feet)
Trench Per Bedroom
Total Trench Length (Feet)
for Specified Trench Widths
18" 24" 30" 36"
85 57 43 34 29
100 67 50 40 34
115 77 58 46 39
125 84 63 50 42
165 110 83 66 55
190 127 95 76 64
250 167 125 100 84
300 200 150 120 100
330 220 165 132 110
Unsuitable for soil absorption systems
Notes: 1. A m1n1mum sized installation should be designed on the
basis of a two-bedroom house, i.e., double the minimum
area requirement as given in Table IV.
2. Table IV provides for the normal household.appliances,
including automatic sequence washer, mechanical garbage
grinder and dishwasher.
-92-
~\i
[._~,,:-2
h. -",..',: l:tf6
~.~ :~ ,) l' f
--.--- ..----
two and one-half inches. Pipe joints of the distribution line, preferably twelve
inch length, are laid with small gaps (the thickness of a pencil or less) between
joints to allow the slow escape of the liquid. Covering the top half of the
distribution pipeline with lengths of tar-paper or equivalent material is recom-
mended to prevent the entry of fine materials into the openings between joints.
A covering of straw, hay, tarpaper, or similar material over the top of the
gravel is also recommended to prevent the soil backfill from invading the gravel
until the backfill becomes stabilized.
Where the topography, or ground slope, is too steep for feasible construction
of a closed-loop trench system, the following alternate layout may be used. A
single, level trench, constructed like the closed-loop trench, is built along a
contour, and the overflow from this line is conducted via a water-tight line to
the next lower level, where a second trench can be built along a contour similar
to the upper trench. The pattern can be repeated until the required minimum
trench bottom area has been provided. It is recommended that no individual trench
exceed one hundred feet in length.
Poor construction practices will cause serious damage to the soil absorption
system. It is, therefore, extremely important that care be taken to avoid seal-
ing the surface on the bottom and sides of the absorption trenches through smear-
ing. Trenches should not be excavated when the soil is wet enough to smear or
compact easily. Open trenches should be protected from surface runoff, and if
it is necessary to walk on a trench, use a temporary board on the bottom to re-
duce the damage. All smeared or compacted surfaces should be raked to a depth
of one inch and loose material removed just before the gravel or other media is
laid.
The top of a new absorption trench should be hand-tamped and overfilled
with about four to six inches of earth to prevent later settling below grade.
Automobiles or heavy machinery will crush the distribution tile and should be
excluded from the area unless provisions are made to support the extra weight.
24.4 PERCOLATION TEST
24.4.1 Number and Location of Tests: Six or more tests shall be made in
separate test holes spaced uniformly over the proposed absorption field site.
24.4.2 Type of Test Hole: Dig or bore a hole, with horizontal dimensions
of from four to twelve inches and vertical sides to the depth of the proposed
absorption trench.
24.4.3 Preparation of Test Hole: Carefully scratch the bottom and sides
of the hole with a knife blade or sharp-pointed instrument in order to remove
any smeared soil surfaces and to provide a natural soil interface into which
water may percolate. Remove all loose material from the hole. Add two inches
of coarse sand or fine gravel to protect the bottom from scouring and sediment.
24.4.4 Saturation and Swelling of the Soil: It is important to distinguish
between saturation and swelling. Saturation means that the void spaces between
soil particles are full of water. This can be accomplished in a short period of
time. Swelling is caused by intrusion of water into the individual soil particle.
This is a slow process, especially in clay-type soil, and is the reason for re-
quiring a prolonged soaking period.
-93-
In the conduct of the test, carefully fill the hole with clear water to a
minimum depth of twelve inches over the gravel. In most soils, it is necessary
to refill the hole by supplying a surplus reservoir of water, possibly by means
of an automatic syphon, to keep water in the hole for at least four hours and
preferably over-night. Determine the percolation rate twenty-four hours after
water is first added to the hole. This procedure is to insure that the soil is
given ample opportunity to swell and to approach the condition it will be in
during the wettest season of the year. Thus, the test will give comparable re-
sults in the same soil whether made in a dry or in a wet season. In sandy soils
containing little or no clay, the swelling procedure is not essential, and the
test may be made as described under Paragraph 24.4.5C, after the water from one
filling of the hole has completely seeped away.
,l.L
Fig. 5. Septic-Tank System
for sloping ground
~l,
II.
. ,p .t.
.to
-94-
VOLUME ~ PAGE /3/,
.....
24.4.5 Percolation-rate Measurement:
percolation-rate measurements shall be made
described under Paragraph 24.4.4.
With the exception of sandy soils,
on the day following the procedure
A. If water remains in the test hole after the overnight swelling period,
adjust the depth to approximately six inches over the gravel. From a fixed re-
ference point, measure the drop in water level over a thirty-minute period. This
drop is used to calculate the percolation rate.
B. If no water remains in the hole after the overnight swelling period, add
clear water to bring the depth of water in the hole to approximately six inches
over the gravel. From a fixed reference point, measure the drop in water level
at approximately thirty-minute intervals for four hours, refilling six inches
over the gravel as necessary. The drop that occurs during the final thirty-
minute period is used to calculate the percolation rate. The drops during prior
periods provide information for possible modification of the procedure to suit
local circumstances.
c. In sandy soils (or other soils in which the first six inches of water
seep away in less than thirty minites, after the overnight swelling period), the
time interval between measurements shall be taken at ten minutes and the test
run for one hour. The drop that occurs during the final ten minutes is used to
calculate the percolation rate.
24.5 MAINTENANCE OF SEPTIC TANKS
Septic tanks should be cleaned before too great a volume of settled sewage
solids accumulate. If either the deposited solids or flating scum layer ap-
proaches too closely to the bottom of the outlet device, particles will be scour-
ed into the soil absorption system. If this condition is allowed to continue,
the solids will eventually clog and ruin the absorption system. Construction of
a new absorption system is usually necessary in such a case.
A tank which receives normal loading should be inspected at yearly inter-
vals to determine if it needs emptying. Experience for a particular system will
indicate the desirability of longer or shorter intervals between inspections. A
long stick wrapped with rough, white toweling and lowered to the bottom of the
tank will show the depth of solids and the liquid depth of the tank. The stick
should be small enough in diameter so it can be lowered through the outlet device
to avoid scum particles. After several minutes, if the stick is carefully re-
moved, the height to which the solids have built up can be distinguished by
black particles clinging to the toweling. It is recommended that the tank be
emptied when the solids level has built up to approximately twelve inches from
the bottom of the outlet device. Professional septic tank cleaners with tank
trucks and pumping equipment, are located in most large communities and can be
hired to perform this service. In any case, the contents of the septic tank may
contain disease-causing organisms and should be disposed of in a manner that is
acceptable to local health authorities.
Immediate replacement of broken-off inlet or outlet fittings in the septic
tank is essential for effective operation of the system.
-95-
CHAPTER 25
INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
25.1 GENERAL
Suitable water for drinking purposes seldom occurs in nature. Rain and snow
waters become contaminated quickly by dust, insects, animals and man. Some of
the organisms introduced into~ter by these means cause typhoid fever, para-
typhoid fever, bacillary and amoebic dysentery. The organisms causing these
diseases are excreted in human discharges and if defective excreta disposal
methods or a lack of safeguards around the water source allow the organisms to
reach water supplies, human illness will result.
In order that we may free ourselves of these dread diseases, certain safe-
guards must be provided. We cannot depend on the physical appearance of water
as a measure of safety for it is possible that clear and sparkling waters may
be unsafe. For complete satisfaction, the water supply should be safe, pleasant
to taste, clear and free of gases and minerals that impart disagreeable odors.
Too, a good water supply is one what is adequate for needs, dependable and con-
venient. A minimum of approximately 50 gallons of water per person per day is
required in those homes with complete plumbing facilities. In homes not equip-
ped with plumbing, the water demand may decrease to about 10 gallons per person
per day. Of course, if stock or irrigation water is to be provided from the
household supply, additional allowances must be made. Table I gives water usage
information that will be applicable in most farm and suburban areas.
Detailed technical information concerning any phase of water supply or treat-
ment may be obtained upon request from the Division of Sanitary Engineering, Texas
State Department of Health, Austin, Texas.
TABLE I
Use
Water Consumption per Day
Household - (hot and cold running water,
Kitchen, Laundry, bath, etc.)
50 gal. per person
Livestock -
Dairy cows (drinking only)
Dairy cows (drinking and servicing)
Beef cattle, horses and mules
Hogs
Sheep
Chickens (layers and broilers)
Turkeys
l5 gal. per head
35 gal. per head
12 gal. per head
4 gal. per head
2 ga 1. per head
4-6 gal. per 100 birds
10-18 gal. per 100 birds
Other Uses
Dairy utensil washing
Flushing dairy barn
Sanitary hog wallow
Garden watering, 1 inch hose
30- 50 ga 1.
30-50 gal.
100-400 gal.
625 g&l. per 1,000 sq. ft.
-96-
,-----
V \..1 ui. :T}J. .,... L" ~i I;;;?;)
. '---__l-i,:J,,'l~
25.2 THE LOCATION OF WELLS
While the determination of a safe distance between ground water supplies
and a possible source of contamination is dependent on many factors, to safe-
guard your well from possible sources of contamination such as stock and poultry
yards, privies, septic tanks, absorption fields, etc., it is recommended that
the well be located at least 150 feet from such sources of contamination. If
local conditions will not permit a distance of 150 feet between the well and the
entire septic tank system, the watertight septic tank should be installed at
least 50 feet from the well and an effluent line of tight joints should be laid
so that no part of the open jointed absorption field will be located within 150
feet of the well. It is also recommended that the well be located so that flood-
ing and the entrance of surface water are prevented. For existing wells located
less than 150 feet from possible sources of contamination, the construction of
diversion ditches or levees between the well and potentional sources of contami-
nation might be considered.
Water producing formations located less than 10 feet from the original
ground surface should be considered potentially unsafe and should not be utili-
zed as a domestic water supply. Deeper wells drawing water from rock formations,
such as limestone that are creviced or channeled, should also be regarded with
suspicion until several analyses have demonstrated that the water is free from
contamination. Even then, occasional analyses should be made because polluted
water may travel long distances through crevices or underground channels with-
out being purified.
25.3 WELL CONSTRUCTION
25.3.1 Dug Well: The shallow dug well constructed with hand tools is only
deep enough to reach shallow ground water. This type of well generally furnishes
comparatively little water, and it is difficult to maintain so as to assure a
clear and safe water supply. To be protected from surface contamination, a dug
well must be provided with a watertight casing and a concrete cover. The casing
or curbing for dug wells is usually constructed of stone, brick, tile or metal.
No matter what the choice of materials may be, it is recommended that the upper
10 feet of the casing or curbing be enclosed with reinforced concrete 6 inches in
thickness. A sanitary pump should be installed to draw the water, and surface
drainage should be such that surface waters are diverted from the well. Figure
2 illustrates a properly constructed dug well.
25.3.2 Drilled Well: Drilled wells are deep enough to reach a more plen-
tiful and more reliable water supply. A casing of steel or other approved ma-
terial should be placed in a drilled well to prevent caving of the formations
penetrated and also to insure protection of the water supply from contamination
by water from shallow strata. To secure maximum protection against possible con-
tamination, the well should be cased from the top of the water producing forma-
tion to at least 18 inches above the elevation of the concrete surface slab or
finished floor of the well house. The casing should also extend at least 1 inch
above the top of the foundation upon which the pump or motor is mounted. It is
also desirable to have the well casing pressure cemented from the top of the
water formation to the earth's surface; at least, a mixture of watertight con-
crete should be placed around the upper 10 feet of th~ casing, or deeper if
necessary to exclude water from shallow formations as illustrated in Figure 3.
The drilled well should also be provided with a cover sloped away from the casing.
-97-
!
Houa.
~
,
01
,
t-
III
~
S
,..---
I I
I I
. I
. I
I I
: MSORPT'..
. : ".KLD
I I
I I
I ,
L____.L___ __J
BARN
~r
......---.. ,
I
I
I
I
-_____..J_ _,
,
I
AN!f.ill I
,,"--- ~..._-~
PKN~ I
I
I
---------.&
Figure 1. Properly Located Well
-98-
.JJ;:,,:
PUMP
" ."1
PUMP RODS
SLOPE 12"
PER FOOT
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Figure 2. Protected Dug Well
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Figure 3
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Protected
Dri lled We 11
-100-
VOLUME
~
.ffi PAGE 13'-/
--
25.3.3 Bored Well: Bored wells may be constructed with the aid of hand
or machine driven augers. Casings of tile, metal or other suitable material
should be provided in the excavation and extended from the earth1s surface to
the water stratum to be developed. Similar to dug wells, bored wells do not
tap deep sources of water and are, therefore, subject to the same difficulties
of providing relatively large yields, and they may be affected considerably
during periods of drought.
25.3.4 Driven Wells: A driven well is constructed by driving a pipe fit-
ted with a well point with a pile or other driving device. Such installations
are limited to localities where water-bearLng sands lie at comparatively shallow
depths and where the water sands are not located below layers of rock which
would prohibit the driving of the pipe.
25.4 ABANDONMENT OF WELLS
Permanently abandoned wells should be filled with suitable materials to
protect the water-bearing formations from contamination. Wells may be deemed
satisfactorily filled when: (1) Drilled or cased wells are filled completely
with cement grout, concrete, or clean puddled clay, (2) Dug or bored wells are
filled completely with puddled clay or its equal after as much as possible of
the curbing is removed. This procedure should be carried out whether or not a
new well is to be constructed nearby. Abandoned wells should never be used for
the disposal of sewage, septic tank effluents or other wastes.
25.5 SUGGESTED CHLORINATION ACCESS FOR WELLS
It sometimes becomes necessary to disinfect wells. In order that the pro-
tective seal need not be broken for introduction of chlorine compounds, it is
suggested that a pipe be installed through the well seal to provide an access
for chlorination. This pipe should either be capped or raised and equipped
with an elbow turned downward and screened or capped.
25.6 DISINFECTION OF WATER SUPPLIES
New wells and equipment become contaminated during construction and instal-
lation. Also, existing wells that have been opened for repair are subject to
contamination from tools, dust, soil, hands, etc. Certainly any water supply
that has been tested bacteriologically and found unsafe should not be used until
disinfection is completed. However, it is not wise to assume that water will be
indefinitely saf~ even after disinfection. For this reason, construction and
location defects should be removed prior to disinfecting an existing well, and
periodic samples should be submitted for bacteriological analysis after disin-
fection has been carried out.
An effective and economical method of well disinfection is the introduction
of a chlorine solution into the well and circulating it through the system. The
amount of chlorine to use in disinfection will depend on the amount of water in
the well or tank and the condition or chlorine demand of that water. The follow-
ing table enables a rapid calculation of water volume in your well or cylindri-
cal tanko .
~ 101 -
TABLE II
DIAMETER OF WELL
Depth of water Drilled Well, Dug We 11 or Cylindrical Cistern,
in well or Ga llons Ga llons
tank (ft.) 4 in. 6 in. 8 in. 3 ft. 4 ft. 5 ft. 6 ft.
1 1/2 2-1/2 53 94 147 212
2 1-1/4 5 106 188 394 424
3 2 7-1/2 159 282 441 636
4 2-1/2 10 212 376 588 848
5 3-1/4 12-1/2 265 470 735 1060
7 4-1 2 17-1 2 371 658 1029 1484
8 5-114 20 424 752 1176 1696
9 6 22-1/2 477 846 1323 1908
10 6-112 25 530 940 1470 2120
11 7 27-1/2 583 1034 1617 2332
12 8 30 636 1128 1764 2544
Example: A dug wellS feet in diameter and containing 7 feet of water
would contain 1029 gallons of water.
The capacity of a rectangular well, box or tank is found by multiplying the
length by the width by the height, all in feet, then multiplying by 7-112. This
will give the total gallonage.
Chlorine compounds in powder, solution and tablet form are available at most
drug, feed and grocery stores. The chlorine concentration is usually designated
on the label of each product in terms of the percentage of "available chlorine."
Laundry bleaches, sanitizers acceptable for utensil sterilization in the dairy
and food industries and chlorine products recognized for water sterilization are
all acceptable for use in treating individual water supplies. Local health of-
ficials and municipal water plant operators will be happy to offer advice con-
cerning suitable chlorine compounds.
CHAPTER 26
26.1 PROHIBITING WORK WITHOUT A PERMIT
No person, firm or corporation or other entity shall install or perform any
plumbing work as defined in this Code without first having secured a permit in
accordance with the provisions of this Code.
26.2 PROHIBITING USE OF UNTESTED INSTALLATIONS
No person, firm, corporation, or other entity shall cause or permit any plumb-
ing installation to be connected with the City water or sewer system or to any
gas distributing system nor shall such person, firm, ~orporation or other entity
use or permit the use of any such plumbing installation, or cause or permit any
water, sewage or gas to flow through the same before it has been inspected and
approved as herein provided.
-102-
---
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26.3 PENALTIES
Any person, either by himself or agent, and any firm, corporation or other
entity who violates any of the provisions of this Code shall be deemed guilty
of a misdencanor and, upon conviction of any such violation, shall be fined in
any sum not to exceed ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS ($100.00); and each day during which
such violation continues shall constitute a separate and distinct offense. In
any case of a violation of any of the terms or provisions of this ordinance by
any corporation, the officers and agents actively in charge of the business of
such corporation shall be subject to the penalty herein provided. Any offense
defined herein which has been defined by laws of the State of Texas as an of-
fense and for which penalty has been prescribed shall be punished as provided
in said State Law, and nothing herein shall be held as fixing any penalty con-
trary to a penalty provided by the laws of the State of Texas.
26.4 FORM OF COMPLAINTS
In any prosecution hereunder, it shall not be necessary for the complaint to
negative any exceptions contained in this Code concerning any prohibited act, but
any SU9h exception may be urged as a defense by any person charged by such com-
plaint.
26.5 RESPONSIBILITY FOR DEFECTS UNCHANGED
This Code does not relieve from or lessen the responsibility or liability of
any person owning, operating, controlling, or installing any plumbing, gas piping
or gas-fired appliances, for damages to person or property caused by any defect
therein, nor shall the City be regarded as assuming any such liability by reason
of the inspection authorized herein or certificate of approval issued as herein
provided.
26.6 SEVERABILITY CLAUSE
If any provision of this Code, or the application thereof to any person or
circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the Code, and the application
of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected there-
by.
26.7 REPEALING CLAUSE
All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repeal-
ed.
ATTEST:
~d.l.;'" X k f'-4
City Secretary
PASSED AND APPROVED, this 1J.)4 day of I~ ~-'Y'l~
/91/ ~,'.,,~_ .4
~ rL. ,#',e, ,
/ Mayor
THE FACT THAT THERE IS AN IMPERATIVE NEED FOR THIS
ORDINANCE CRFATES AN EHERGENCY, AND, THERF.i'ORE, THE
RK~DING AND PASSAGE OF THIS ORDINANCE SHALL TAKE
EFFECT AND BE INFUT L FORCE fROM AND AFTE:R THAT
DATE OF ITS PASSAGE AT A SINGLE MEETING AND THE
APPROVAL THEREOF OF THE MAYOR AND THE TOWN COUNCIL.
-103-
AU"f'.SF_
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If this area is excavated
backfill shall be of
stabilized earth or a low
strength concrete mix,
)-. E.~TE){JJ OLbMO€~S ..5G'4W""ot. LI4T#"IIAl.
1'1} ~ o.v 12 EUfV.s
On property which is higher than the street
or alley, the plumber shall drop back on the
owner's property a sufficient distance to go
down on a 450 slope or less to a point in-grade
wi~h the City lateral. He shall then place a
45 bend, or less) the end of which shall be at
a distance of at least 4 feet from the end of
the City lateral. The entire run of this pipe
shall be on a firm foundation. either the
natural earth or built up with stabilized
earth or a low strength concrete mix.
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When available-The location of the City Sewer Lateral at point "A" will be
furnished to the plumber on request for permit for Sewer. The plumber shall
then be responsible for uncovering and confirming the location of said City
Sewer Lateral at point "A" prior to construction of the House Lateral.
METHOD FOR CONNECTING PLUMBER'S LATERAL TO CITY SEWER
p
-104-
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PLUMBING LAYOUT FOR BAPTISTRY
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INSTALLATION ILLUSTRAT-
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INDEX
Page
ACID
Vent Pipe Material... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Was tes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
ADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
AIR GAP
Provision For.......................................................... 43
Swirmning Pools......................................................... 44
APPEALS AND ADVISORY BOARD
Duties and Powers of................................................... 19
Election and Adoption of Rules......................................... 18
Organization of........................................................ 18
APPLIANCE
And Equipment Vents.................................................... 75
Connections............................................................ 68
Connections Prohibited................................................. 69
Gas Consumption of............. II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It. . . . . 68
Lis ted, and Accessories................................................ 69
Stoves and Other....................................................... 68
BACKWATER VALVES............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
BAR AND SODA FOUNTAIN SINK
Was tes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
BONDING PROVISION
Bond Required.......................................................... 23
BUILDING
Drains and Sewer Tables................................................ 50
Exis ting (Code Deviation).............................................. 24
Sewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Sewer Required......................................................... 23
CATCH BASINS
S iz es 0 f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
When Required.......................................................... 36
CENTRAL HEATING BOILERS AND FURNACES
Clearance.. ... ... ........... .. . ... .. . ... . .. .. . ... ... ... ..... ........... 72
Pip i ng 0 f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Shut Off Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
CHANGE OF DIRECTION
Drainage Fi t tings For.................................................. 23
Drainage Fitting Table................................................. 23
-115-
CIRCUIT VENTING
Battery of Fixtures.
Connections of.
Pipe Sizes For.
CLEANOUTS
Base of Stacks.
Building Sewer..
Change of Direction..
Concealed Piping...
Location of.
Pipe.........
Prohibited Connections.
COMBUSTION AIR
Details of................
Ventilation Requirements.
COMMON VENT, Sanitary
Defined............
Typical Examples...
COMMON VENT, Gas
Appliance
Determining Size of.
I 11 us trations.
Minimum Size..
Table of Sizes.
COMPLAINTS
Form of.
........ 1,.11 ... II.......... II................... II II..........
CONFOR't1A.NCE WITH CODE...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CROSS CONNECTIONS
Approval of Preventive Devices..
Provision for Air Gap..........
DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D I spas AL UNI TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISTANCE
Trap to Fixture.....
Trap to Vent Table..
DRAINAGE
Building Sewer.
Fit tings. . . . . . . .
Fixture Branches.
Installation.
Materials....
-116-
Page
62
62
63
36
35
36
36
36
35
36
70
70
55
55
78
79
79
80
103
23
43
43
2
40
34
54
47
47
51
48
47
VOLUME ~1T:'
--Ij-" _PAGE
-
11/2
Page
DRAINAGE
Stack
Table
(Continued)
Loading. . .
of Sizes..
51
50
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
Design and Installation.
Protection of Water Supply..
40
40
DUCT FURNACES
Circulating Air.
Clearance.. .
Erection of.
Piping of....
74
74
74
74
DUTIES OF INSPECTOR........................................................
17
EXEMPTED ACTIVITY
And Appliance Work.
Exemptions..
Home Owners.
Maintenance, Utility.
16
16
16
16
FEES
Permit and Inspection...
Table of...............
21
21
FITTINGS
Sanitary
For Change in Direction.
Prohibited.
Table of...
23
24
24
FIXTURES
Back-to-Back..............
Dishwashers, Residential.
Drinking Fountains...
Food Waste Grinder...
General Requirements..
Prohibited.
Quality of.
Showers. .
Special.
Standards for.
Table of Horizontal Branches.
Traps.......
Trap Vents..
Unit Values.
Unit Value Table.
Urinals.......
Water Closets.
53
40
40
40
38
38
38
41
41
38
51
34
54
48
49
39
39
FI..A.SHINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
-117-
FLOOR FURNACES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Furnaces
GAS PLUMBING, NATURAL.........................See Plumbing
GARBAGE DISPOSERS.
.. ............ ........ ........ ............ ..............
GREASE TRAPS
General...
...... ........ ...... ...... ... .............. ............ ... ...
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
For Horizontal Pipe..
For Vertical Pipe....
INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES..................................
INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE RE-VENTING.............................................
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Design and Construction.
Detail Sloping Ground System.
General...................... .
Minimum Capacity Septic Tank.
Percolation Test..........
Safe Distance Table.
Septic Tank Details.
Site Considerations.
Soil Absorption System....
Trench Required Per Bedroom.
INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
Capacity of Wells, Table.
General...........
Location of Wells....
Protected Drilled Well, Detail..
Protected Dug Well, Detail.
Table of Consumption.
Well Construction.....
INSPECTION
And Tests.
When Required.
INSPECTOR, Plumbing...........................See Plumbing Inspector
INTENT AND PURPOSE..
....... ............ .................. ......... ........
INTERCEPTORS
Accessibility of.....
And Backwater Valves..
And Separators..
Residential.....
-1l8-
Page
40
36
41
41
42
62
88
94
84
89
93
88
91
88
92
92
102
96
97
100
99
96
97
21
21
1
38
38
36
37
INTERCEPTORS (Continued)
Venting of....
When Required.
JOINTS
And Connections......
Asbestos Cement Pipe.
Bitumenized Fiber Pipe..
Calked........
Cement Mortar.
Elastomeric.
Flared. . . . .
Hot Poured..
Plastic Pipe.
Solder or Sweat..
Threaded.
Types of.
Wiped... .
V\.i.LJ?,2
ff PAGE1.i14
Page
37
36
32
33
33
32
33
33
32
32
33
32
32
32
32
LIABILITY OF INSPECTOR....................................................
18
LICENSING REQUIREMENT
Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plumbing License Required.
LISTED APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES
Permissible Temperatures.
Pressure Regulators......
Type of Gas..............
Ventilation Requirements.
LOOP AND CIRCUIT VENTING
Ba t tery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixtures Back-to-Back in Battery.
Pipe Sizes For...
Vent Connections.
MATERIALS
And Uses Table.....
List of Standards..
Minimum Standards..
Not Listed.
Use of.....
PENALTY
And Closing Provisions.
Penalties..............
Prohibiting Work Without a Permit.
Responsibility for Defects........
-119-
16
16
70
71
70
71
62
62
63
62
27
28, 29, 30, 31
26
26
26
102
103
102
103
PERMITS
And Inspection Fees Table.
Duration of................
False Statement or Bad Faith..
Fees and Inspections.
Issuance of..
Not Required.
Non-Transferable...
Persons Who May Obtain..
Required. .
Special. .
PIPE CLEANOUTS............................... .Also See C1eanouts..........
PIPE AFFECTED BY THIS ORDINANCE...........................................
PLASTIC PIPE
Installation of..
Joints. . . . . . . .
Standards For..
PLUMBING FIXTURES............................. See Fixtures
PLUMBING INSPECTOR
Authority of.
Duties of....
Liabili ty of.
Powers of.....
Prohibited Interests.
PRESSURE REGULATORS
Natural Gas...............
Venting Requirements For..
PROHIBITED FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS...........See Fittings
PROHIBITED FIXTURES AND CONNECTIONS.......................................
PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
Approval of Devices.............
Cross Connections..............
Fixtures With Hose Attachments.
Flushing Tanks...
Lawn Sprinklers.
Provision for Air Gap.
Selection of Materials.
Separation from Drain and Sewer..
Swimming Pools.............
Underground Stop and Waste.
Used Piping.e..............
Vacuum Breakers and Air Gaps.
When Separation Not Required.
-120-
Page
21
21
20
21
20
20
20
2'0
19
20
34
1
33
33
30
18
17
18
17
17
71
71
38
43
43
44
44
44
43
45
46
44
45
45
43
46
VOLUME_~PAGE' /'11/
RAT PROOFING
Exterior Openings.
Interior Openings..
REGULATIONS
General,
General,
General,
General,
General,
Gas Plumbing.........................
Individual Sewage Disposal Systems..
Individual Water Supplies..
Sanitary Plumbing.......
Trailer Park Plumbing.
RELIEF VALVE
Approvals.
Discharge. .
Pressure. .
Temperature and Pressure..
REPEALING CLAUSE..........................................................
SEPTIC TANK........................See Individual Sewage Disposal
SEVERA.BILITY CLAUSE.......................................................
SEWERS
And Drains Table.
Depth of.........
Drainage Piping Installation.
In Filled or Unstable Ground.
Materials and Use Table...
Maximum Fixture Unit Load.
Requirements for Bitumenized Pipe.
Se~arate Ditch.....................
SHOWERS
On the Ground.
Pan Required..
Receptors and Compartments..
SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEM.............See Individual Sewage Disposal
SOIL STACK........................ .See Stacks
SOLDER JOINTS.............................................................
SPECIAL FIXTURES..........................................................
SPECIAL WASTES
Ac i d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Dishwashing Machines.
Drips. . . . . . . . . .
Food Handling.
-121-
Page
25
25
64
84
96
23
81
47
47
83
46
103
103
50
48
48
48
27
50
48
25, 47
41
41
41
32
41
42
42
42
42
Page
SPECIAL WASTES (Continued)
Indirect Connection.
Length of Indirect..
Sterile Materials...
42
43
42
STACKS
Loading and Vent Requirements Tables.. 51
Material and Use.. 27
Minimum Size of... 51
STACK VENTING.................................See Vents, Sanitary
S TOP AN]) WAS TE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
SWEAT JOINTS..............................................................
32
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES........See Relief Valves
THREADED JOINTS...............
32
TI TLE CITED...............................................................
1
TRAILER COURT DETAILS....................See Trailer Park Plumbing
TRAILER PARK PLUMBING
Court Details.
Inspection and Testing.
Location and Size of Vents.
Materials..
Pipe Sizes..
Pipe Size Table..
Plumbing Details.
Plumbing Sketch..
Prohibited Wet Vents.
Relief Valves..
Responsibility.
Size and Location of Cleanouts..
Shut-off Valve...............
Vent Support and Protection..
Water Distributing System.
Wet Vent Installation.....
. . .
85
84
82
81
84
82
82
83
83
85
86
82
83
84
83
83
82
83
86
Di tch. . . . . . . . .
Drain and Vent Installation.
General................
TRAPS
And Cleanouts.............
Continuous Waste Details..
Drum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
34
34
34
36
35
General Regulations..
Prohibited.
Seal. . . . . . . .
-122-
,~,
,..tr
TRAPS (Continued)
Slip Joints..................
Vertical Distance to Fixture.
URI NALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USED PIPING...............................................................
VACUUM BREAKERS
Approval of.....................
Fixtures with Hose Attachments..
Lawn Sprinklers.
Provision for..
Swimming Pools.
With Flush Valves.
VENTS AND VENTING, SANITARY
Bar and Soda Fountains.
Circuit and Loop.......
Common Vent... . . . . . . . . .
Determining Length of.
Distance From Trap Table.
Flashings...............
General Requirements...
Grades and Connections..
Height Above Fixtures..
Hydraulic Gradient and Developed Length.
Individual Fixture Re-Venting.
Main Stack.......
Main Vent Stack.
Multi-Story Wet Venting.
Size and Length of Vent Table..
Size of Vent Stacks........
Sizes for Circuit and Loop...
Stack Loading and Vent Requirement Table..
Stack Venting.......................
Stack Venting, Sketches and Details.
Terminals........
Trap Dip...
Trap Seal Protection..
Underground........
Vent Pipe Material.
Vertical Rise.
We t Venting...
Wet Venting Limitations.
Wet Venting, Sketches and Details.
56, 57,
VENTS AND VENTING, GAS
And Canopies in Hotels, Restaurants, etc.
Appliance and Equipment Vents.
Appliance Requiring Vents......
-123-
~
I~
Page
35
34
39
45
43
44
44
43
44
43
53
62
55
54
54
53
52
53
53
54
62
53
53
58
63
62
63
51
56
57, 60
53
54
54
52
52
53
56
58
58, 59
69
75
75
VENTS AND VENTING, GAS (Continued)
Diverters Required..............
Pressure Regulators..............
Size of Vent and Flue Connections.
Type 0 f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Venting
Venting
Requirements..
Tables.......
WASTES
Ac i d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fittings and Connections..
Food Grinder.
Indirect. ....
Individual Sewage Disposal System.
Lavatory.......................... .
Materials For.....................
Requiring Interceptor andlor Backwater Valve..
Special. . . . . .
Stack Size...
Water Closet.
WATER CLOSETS
Connections.
General.... .
WATER HEATERS
General....
27, 28, 29,
-124-
Page
69
71
69
75
75
77, 80
42
23
40
42
73
39
30, 31
36
42
51
25
25
39
46